Why is Golden Rice pale yellow in color?

Agriculture - General Knowledge Questions

Rich in Chlorophyll

Rich in Beta-Carotene

Rich in Phycobilins

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) - Rich in Beta-Carotene

The endosperm of Golden Rice (Oryza sativa) is yellow due to the accumulation of β-carotene (provitamin A) and xanthophylls. The product of the two carotenoid biosynthesis transgenes used in Golden Rice, phytoene synthase (PSY) and the bacterial carotene desaturase (CRTI), is lycopene, which has a red color. The absence of lycopene in Golden Rice shows that the pathway proceeds beyond the transgenic end point and thus that the endogenous pathway must also be acting. By using TaqMan real-time PCR, we show in wild-type rice endosperm the mRNA expression of the relevant carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes encoding phytoene desaturase, ζ-carotene desaturase, carotene cis-trans-isomerase, β-lycopene cyclase, and β-carotene hydroxylase;

only PSY mRNA was virtually absent. We show that the transgenic phenotype is not due to up-regulation of expression of the endogenous rice pathway in response to the transgenes, as was suggested to be the case in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit, where CRTI expression resulted in a similar carotenoid phenomenon.

This means that β-carotene and xanthophyll formation in Golden Rice relies on the activity of constitutively expressed intrinsic rice genes (carotene cis-trans-isomerase, α/β-lycopene cyclase, β-carotene hydroxylase). PSY needs to be supplemented and the need for the CrtI transgene in Golden Rice is presumably due to insufficient activity of the phytoene desaturase and/or ζ-carotene desaturase enzyme in endosperm.

The effect of CRTI expression was also investigated in leaves of transgenic rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, again, the mRNA levels of intrinsic carotenogenic enzymes remained unaffected; nevertheless, the carotenoid pattern changed, showing a decrease in lutein, while the β-carotene-derived xanthophylls increased. This shift correlated with CRTI-expression and is most likely governed at the enzyme level by lycopene-cis-trans-isomerism.

Published On : June 14, 2021

Recent Updates in Agriculture - General Knowledge Questions

Q .

What is the focus of the CDP-SURAKSHA initiative launched by the Indian government?

Fisheries

Poultry farming

Livestock farming

Horticulture

Correct Answer : Option (D) - Horticulture

The CDP-SURAKSHA initiative by the Indian government is aimed at revolutionizing horticulture subsidies, and streamlining their distribution through digital integration and secure payment mechanisms.

This initiative is a significant step towards supporting horticulture farmers and promoting growth in the horticulture sector.

Published On : April 17, 2024

Category : Agriculture

Q .

Which Vegetable is National Vegetable of India?

Onion

Pumpkin

Carrot

Tomato

Correct Answer : Option (B) - Pumpkin

Indian Pumpkin, commonly known as “Kaddu” in Hindi, holds the distinction of being India’s national vegetable.

Its widespread growth throughout the country, coupled with its adaptability to varying soil conditions, makes it a staple in Indian cuisine. This versatile vegetable can be cultivated as both a climber and a creeper.

Ubiquitous Presence and Easy Cultivation : India’s Pumpkin popularity is owed to its resilience and ease of cultivation. It thrives all over India, without needing special soil. Whether it climbs or spreads like a vine, Indian Pumpkin is known for being able to grow easily and give plenty of vegetables.

The Humble Yet remarkable Vegetable : Regarded as a humble vegetable, Indian Pumpkin stands out for its accessibility and nutritional value. Its straightforward cultivation process results in abundant and high-quality vegetables.

Pumpkin is often associated with simplicity, fittingly earning the label of a “poor person’s vegetable.” Its ability to grow easily and yield abundant produce makes it a valuable addition to the Indian diet.

Why Indian Pumpkin?
Indian pumpkin’s status as the national vegetable is not by chance. Here are a few reasons behind this distinction:

Versatility in Cooking: Indian Pumpkin can be easily cooked and pairs well with various flavors. Its adaptability in the kitchen makes it a go-to ingredient for a multitude of dishes.
Sweet and Savory: The pumpkin’s sweet taste complements not only other vegetables but also lentils and spices, making it a delightful addition to diverse recipes.
Tropical Delight: Thriving in the tropical regions of India, Indian pumpkin stands strong even during the hottest days of the year.
Year-Round Friend: Its ability to grow in the hottest months ensures a steady supply of this vegetable for Indian households.

Published On : August 13, 2023

Category : Agriculture

Q .

Who has been inaugurates a nationwide meeting on agriculture for the 2022 Kharif campaign?

Nitin Gadkari

Nirmala Sitharaman

Dharmendra Pradhan

Narendra Singh Tomar

Correct Answer : Option (D) - Narendra Singh Tomar

Union Agriculture Minister, "Narendra Singhr Tomar" inaugurated National Conference on Agriculture for Kharif Campaign 2022-23 today at NASC Complex, New Delhi. The Minister expressed satisfaction that that as per 2nd Advance Estimates (2021-22), total food grains production in the country is estimated at 3160 lakh tonnes which will be an all time record.

Important Points :

* The Minister expressed his delight that, according to the 2nd Advance Estimates (2021-22), total food grain production in the country will reach 3160 lakh tonnes, a new high.

* The production of pulses and oilseeds will be 269.5 lakh tonnes and 371.5 lakh tonnes, respectively.

* Horticulture production is expected to reach 3310.5 lakh tonnes in 2020-21, the greatest level ever for Indian horticulture, according to third advanced projections.

* The Minister added that the centre and states will collaborate to secure the availability of herbicides and seeds, lowering farmers’ input prices.

* He argued that a method for replacing urea with Nano-urea should be developed. He stated that the government would continue to prioritise natural and organic agriculture.

* While agriculture exports have increased, the Minister stated that quality products must be prioritised in order to compete in international markets. Both farmers and exporters should benefit.

Published On : April 21, 2022

Category : Agriculture