What is the difference between OrderedDict and a normal dictionary?

Difference Between OrderedDict and a Normal Dictionary (dict)

Python provides both dict (normal dictionary) and OrderedDict from the collections module. The key difference lies in how they maintain insertion order and handle performance.


1. Normal Dictionary (dict)
  • Since Python 3.7+, dictionaries maintain insertion order by default.
  • Keys remain in the order they were inserted.
  • Fast performance due to being implemented as a hash table.
Example :
# Normal Dictionary (Python 3.7+ retains order)
my_dict = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
print(my_dict)  # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

* Insertion order is preserved.
* Faster than OrderedDict due to internal optimizations.


2. OrderedDict (Before Python 3.7, Required for Ordered Keys)
  • Explicitly guarantees order of keys across Python versions.
  • Provides additional methods like move_to_end().
  • Slightly slower than a normal dictionary.
Example :
from collections import OrderedDict

# Creating an OrderedDict
ordered_dict = OrderedDict()
ordered_dict["a"] = 1
ordered_dict["b"] = 2
ordered_dict["c"] = 3

print(ordered_dict)  # Output: OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)])

* Ensures order even in Python versions below 3.7.
* Slightly slower due to extra overhead.


3. Special Features of OrderedDict
a) move_to_end(key, last=True)

Moves a key to the end (or start if last=False).

ordered_dict.move_to_end("b")
print(ordered_dict)  # Output: OrderedDict([('a', 1), ('c', 3), ('b', 2)])
b) Maintains Order in Equality Checks (==)
d1 = OrderedDict([("a", 1), ("b", 2)])
d2 = OrderedDict([("b", 2), ("a", 1)])

print(d1 == d2)  # Output: False (Order matters)

* Unlike a normal dictionary, order matters in comparison.


4. Which One Should You Use?
Feature dict (Python 3.7+) OrderedDict
Maintains Order? Yes Yes
Performance Faster Slightly Slower
Extra Features No Yes (move_to_end(), order-sensitive equality)
Use Case General-purpose When explicit ordering control is needed

* Use dict in Python 3.7+ unless you need OrderedDict's extra features.