Basis of Comparison | Hub | Switch |
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Description | Hub is a networking device that connects the multiple devices to a single network. | A switch is a control unit that turns the flow of electricity on or off in a circuit. |
Layer | Hubs are used at the physical layer. | Switches are used at the data link layer. |
Transmission type | Transmission type can be unicast, broadcast or multicast. | Initially, the transmission type is broadcast and then is unicast. |
Ports | Hub has 4/12 ports. | The switch has 24/48 ports. |
Transmission mode | Half duplex | Half/Full duplex. |
Collisions | Collisions occur commonly in a Hub. | No collisions occur in a full duplex switch. |
Address used for data transmission | Hub uses MAC address for data transmission. | The switch uses a MAC address for data transmission. |
Data transmission form | Electrical signal is a data transmission form of a hub. | A Frame is a data transmission form of a switch. |
Basis of Comparison | Router | Switch |
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Description | It is a layer 3 device that connects the two different networks and identifies the network devices based on their IP addresses. | It is a layer 2 device and determines the network devices based on their MAC addresses. |
Mode of transmission | Router transmits the data in the form of packets. | Switch transmits the data in the form of frames. |
Address used | It uses an IP address for the data transmission. | It uses a MAC address to transmit the data. |
Layer of OSI model | It uses Layer 3 OSI model and layer is the network layer. | It uses layer 2 OSI model and layer is the data link layer. |
Table | It uses a routing table for routes to move to the destination IP. | It uses a Content address memory table for MAC addresses. |
Network used | It is used for WAN and LAN networks. | It is used only for LAN networks. |
Mode of transmission | Router is used in a full-duplex mode. | A switch is used in half as well as in a full-duplex mode. |
User Mode | Privileged Mode |
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It is used for the regular task while using a Cisco router. | Offers a lot of options, including those available in User mode. |
It enables you to view system information, connect to remote devices, check the status of the router, and more. | It allows users to make configurations on the router, such as making tests and debugging. |
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) | UDP (User Datagram Protocol) |
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It is a connection-oriented protocol. | It is a connectionless protocol. |
The connection should be established before the data is transmitted over the network. | It sends the data without checking whether the system is ready to receive it or not. |
Delivery of data to the destination router is guaranteed. If the connection is lost during transferring files, the server would request the lost part. | It doesn’t guarantee the delivery of data to the destination. |
The message will be delivered in the order it is sent. | The message may not be delivered in the same order. |
It doesn’t support broadcasting. | It supports broadcasting. |
Data is read as a stream. When one packet ends, another begins. | Data Packets are transmitted individually. |
Header size is 20 bytes. | Header size is 8 bytes. |
It is slower than UDP | UDP is faster and more efficient than TCP |
This protocol is mainly used where a secure communication process is required. Example: web browsing and e-mail. | This protocol is used when fast communication is required. Example: VoIP, video, and music streaming. |
Class | Range |
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A | 1-126 |
B | 127-191 |
C | 192-223 |
D | 224-239 |
E | 240-254 |
Basis of Comparison | Static IP address | Dynamic IP address |
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Description | Static IP address is a fixed number assigned to the computer. | The dynamic IP address is a temporary number assigned to the computer. |
Provided By | Static IP address is provided by ISP(Internet Service Provider). | The dynamic IP address is provided by DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). |
Change requirement | It is static means that IP address does not change. | It is non-static means that IP address changes whenever the user connects to a network. |
Security | It is not secure as IP address is constant. | It is secure because each time IP address changes. |
Cost | It is costlier than Dynamic IP address. | It is cheaper than the Static IP address. |
Device tracking | Static IP address is trackable as IP address is constant. | The dynamic IP address is untraceable as IP address is always changing. |
CSMA/CD | CSMA/CA |
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Full form of CSMA/CD is carrier sense multiple access with collision detection. | Full form of CSMA/CA is carrier sense multiple access with carrier avoidance. |
CSMA/CD detects the collision, and once the collision is detected, then it stops continuing the data transmission. | CSMA/CA does not deal with the recovery of the collision. |
Wired installation is used in a CSMA/CD to detect the collision. | Wireless installation is used in a CSMA/CA as it avoids the collision. Therefore, it does not need a wired network. |
An 802.3 Ethernet network uses CSMA/CD. | An 802.11 ethernet network uses CSMA/CA. |
CSMA/CD takes effect after the occurrence of a collision. | CSMA/CA takes effect before the occurrence of a collision. |
Public IP | Private IP |
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It is used on public networks. | It is mostly used within a private network or LAN to connect securely with other devices within the same network. |
It is usually assigned by a Service provider or IANA. | It is usually assigned by a LAN administrator. |
It is generally used to communicate outside the network. | It is generally used to communicate within the same network. |
It can be known by searching “what is my IP” on google. | It can be known by typing “ipconfig” on the command prompt. |
Its scope is global. | Its scope is local to the present network. |
These come with a cost and are controlled by ISP. | These are free of cost and are used to load network OS. |
It is routable and therefore, communication among different users is possible. | It is not routable and therefore, communication among different users is not possible. |
It can be any number not included in the reserved private IP address range. Example: 202.60.23.1 |
Address ranges to be used by private networks are: Class A: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Class B: 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C: 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 Example: 192.168.0.3 |
Basis of Comparison | RIP | IGRP |
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Full form | RIP stands for routing information protocol. | IGRP stands for interior gateway routing protocol. |
Description | RIP is a distance vector-based routing protocol. | IGRP is a distance vector based interior gateway routing protocol. |
Determination of route | RIP depends on the number of hops to determine the best route to the network. | IGRP considers many factors before decides the best route to take, i.e., bandwidth, reliability, MTU and hops count. |
Standard | RIP is a industry standard dynamic protocol. | IGRP is a Cisco standard dynamic protocol. |
Organization used | RIP is mainly used for smaller sized organizations. | IGRP is mainly used for medium to large-sized organizations. |
Maximum routers | It supports maximum 15 routers. | It supports a maximum 255 routers. |
Symbol used | RIP is denoted by 'R' in the routing table. | IGRP is denoted by 'I' in the routing table. |
Administrative distance | The administrative distance of RIP is 120. | The administrative distance of IGRP is 100. |
Algorithm | RIP works on Bellman ford Algorithm. | IGRP works on Bellman ford Algorithm. |
Baud rate=bit rate / N,
Sources : Cisco, and more..