400+ Artificial Intelligence (AI) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1 .

Who is the father of Artificial Intelligence?

A)

John McCarthy

B)

William S.

C)

Doug Cutting

D)

Allen Newell

Correct Answer : Option (A) : John McCarthy

Explanation : John McCarthy, an American computer scientist pioneer and inventor, was called the “Father of Artificial Intelligence.” In his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, the first artificial intelligence conference, the cognitive scientist coined the term. The intention was to see if there was a way to create a machine that could think abstractly, solve problems, and develop itself like a human. “Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can, in principle, be described so precisely that a machine can be made to simulate it,” he claimed.

2 .

Who started Artificial Intelligence?

A)

Fisher Ada & Allen Newell

B)

William S. & Doug Cutting

C)

Marvin Minsky & John McCarthy

D)

Rasmus Lerdorf & Alan Turing

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Marvin Minsky & John McCarthy

Explanation :

Artificial intelligence is the ability of machines to perform certain tasks, which need the intelligence showcased by humans and animals. This definition is often ascribed to Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy from the 1950s, who were also known as the fathers of the field.

Artificial intelligence allows machines to understand and achieve specific goals. AI includes machine learning via deep learning. The former refers to machines automatically learning from existing data without being assisted by human beings. Deep learning allows the machine to absorb huge amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, and audio.

3 .

What is Artificial intelligence?

A)

Playing a game on Computer

B)

Making a Machine Intelligent

C)

Programming with your own intelligence

D)

Putting your intelligence into Computer

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Making a Machine Intelligent

Explanation : Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision.

4 .

Strong Artificial Intelligence is

A)

The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer

B)

The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer

C)

A set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect intelligence if it were generated by humans

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer

5 .

Select the most appropriate situation for that a blind search can be used.

A)

Complex game

B)

Real-life situation

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

Small Search Space

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Small Search Space

Explanation : Blind Search is also known as uninformed search, and it does not contain any domain information such as closeness, location of the goal, etc. Hence the most appropriate situation that can be used for the blind search is Small-search Space.

6 .

Which of the following areas can contribute to build an intelligent system?

A)

Biology

B)

Sociology

C)

Philosophy

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : Philosophy, Sociology, Biology all three areas can contribute to build an intelligent system.

7 .

In LISP, the function returns the list that results after the first element is removed (the rest f the list), is __________

A)

car

B)

cons

C)

cdr

D)

last

Correct Answer : Option (C) : cdr

8 .

A series of Artificial Intelligence systems, developed by Pat Langley to explore the role of heuristics in scientific discovery is ________

A)

BACON

B)

DU

C)

MIT

D)

RAMD

Correct Answer : Option (A) : BACON

9 .

A computer program with AI can not answer the generic questions it is meant to solve.

A)

TRUE

B)

FALSE

C)

AI is not used to answer question

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : FALSE

Explanation : A computer program with AI can answer the generic questions it is meant to solve.

10 .

Which of the following is not the type of AI?

A)

Unlimited memory

B)

Theory of mind

C)

Self-awareness

D)

Reactive machines

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Unlimited memory

Explanation : There are four(4) types of artificial intelligence : reactive machines, limited memory, theory of mind and self-awareness.

11 .

Which of the following is true related to 'Satisfiable' property?

A)

A statement is satisfiable if there is no interpretation for which it is true

B)

A statement is satisfiable if there is no interpretation for which it is false

C)

A statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation for which it is true

D)

A statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation for which it is false

Correct Answer : Option (C) : A statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation for which it is true

Explanation : ‘Satisfiable’ property is a statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation for which it is true.

12 .

The application/applications of Artificial Intelligence is/are

A)

Gaming

B)

Vision Systems

C)

Expert Systems

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

13 .

In LISP programming, the square root is entered as_____.

A)

x/2

B)

(sqrt x)

C)

Sqrt(x)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : (sqrt x)

14 .

Which of the following contains the output segments of Artificial Intelligence programming?

A)

Locomotion

B)

Manipulation of physical object

C)

Printed language and synthesized speech

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Printed language and synthesized speech

15 .

An Artificial Neural Network Is based on?

A)

Cognitive Artificial Intelligence approach

B)

Weak Artificial Intelligence approach

C)

Applied Artificial Intelligence approach

D)

Strong Artificial Intelligence approach

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Cognitive Artificial Intelligence approach

Explanation : In the Cognitive Artificial Intelligence approach, a computer is used to test theories about how the human mind works, for example, theories about how we recognize faces and other objects, or about how we solve abstract problems.

16 .

The conference that launched the AI revolution in 1956 was held at?

A)

Stanford

B)

Harvard

C)

Dartmouth

D)

New York

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Dartmouth

17 .

In which university the first demontration of AI program run?

A)

Oxford University

B)

Stanford University

C)

Cambridge University

D)

Carnegie Mellon University.

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Carnegie Mellon University.

Explanation : John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. Demonstration of the first running AI program at Carnegie Mellon University.

18 .

Artificial Intelligence is a way of _____.

A)

making a computer

B)

a computer-controlled robot

C)

software think intelligently

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think.

19 .

Two literals are complementary if _____________

A)

They are equal

B)

They are identical but of opposite sign

C)

They are unequal but of equal sign

D)

They are identical and of equal sign

Correct Answer : Option (B) : They are identical but of opposite sign

Explanation : Two literals are complementary if They are identical but of opposite sign.

20 .

When talking to a speech recognition program, the program divides each second of your speech into 100 separate __________

A)

Samples

B)

Words

C)

Codes

D)

Phonemes

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Samples

21 .

The decision tree algorithm reaches its destination using_____________.

A)

Single Test

B)

Two Test

C)

Sequence of Test

D)

No Test

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Sequence of test

Explanation : A decision tree is the supervised machine learning technique that can be used for both Classification and Regression problems. It reaches its destination using a Sequence of Tests.

22 .

Ambiguity may be caused by

A)

syntactic ambiguity

B)

unclear antecedents

C)

multiple word meanings

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

23 .

Which company offers the LISP machine considered "the most powerful symbolic processor available"?

A)

LMI

B)

Xerox

C)

Symbolics

D)

Texas Instruments

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Symbolics

24 .

Nils Nilsson headed a team at SRI that created a mobile robot named

A)

Vax

B)

Shakey

C)

Dedalus

D)

Robotics

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Shakey

25 .

What is the primary interactive method of communication used by humans?

A)

speaking

B)

writing

C)

reading

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : speaking

26 .

Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

A)

Inferential Adequacy

B)

Inferential Efficiency

C)

Representational Adequacy

D)

Representational Verification

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Representational Verification

27 .

A robot's "arm" is also known as its :

A)

Manipulator

B)

Actuator

C)

End effector

D)

Servomechanism

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Manipulator

28 .

What is the term used for describing the judgmental or commonsense part of problem solving?

A)

Critical

B)

Analytical

C)

Heuristic

D)

Value based

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Heuristic

29 .

Which of the following is an application of AI?

A)

Easy to create a website

B)

It helps to deploy applications on the cloud

C)

It helps to exploit vulnerabilities to secure the firm

D)

Language understanding and problem-solving (Text analytics and NLP)

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Language understanding and problem-solving (Text analytics and NLP)

Explanation : Language understanding and problem-solving come under the NLP and Text Analysis area which involves text recognition and sentiment analysis of the text. NLP ML model is trained to mainly do the task which processes human language’s speech or text. For example voice assistant.

30 .

In how many categories process of AI is categorized?

A)

categorized into 5 categories

B)

categorized into 3 categories

C)

processes are categorized based on the input provided

D)

process is not categorized

Correct Answer : Option (B) : categorized into 3 categories

Explanation :

It is categorized into 3 steps Sensing, Reasoning, Acting

i) Sensing : Through the sensor taking in the data about the world

ii) Reasoning : Reasoning is thinking or processes the data sensed by the sensor.

iii) Action : On the basis of input and reasoning, acting is generating and controlling actions in the environment.

31 .

What property should a good system for the representation of knowledge in a particular domain possess?

A)

Inferential Adequacy

B)

Inferential Efficiency

C)

Representational Adequacy

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : Consider an excellent knowledge representation system for a specific topic. Representational Adequacy, Inferential Adequacy, Inferential Efficiency, and Acquisitional Efficiency should be the qualities.

32 .

Which search method takes less memory?

A)

Depth-First Search

B)

Breadth-First search

C)

Binary search

D)

Optimal-Linear Search

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Depth-First Search

33 .

Expert Ease was developed under the direction of

A)

Alan Turing

B)

Lofti Zadeh

C)

Donald Michie

D)

John McCarthy

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Donald Michie

34 .

A Personal Consultant knowledge base contain information in the form of

A)

contexts

B)

parameters

C)

production rules

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

35 .

If a robot is able to change its own trajectory as per the external conditions, then the robot is considered as the____

A)

Mobile

B)

Intelligent

C)

Non-Servo

D)

Open Loop

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Intelligent

Explanation : If a robot is able to change its own trajectory as per the external conditions, then the robot is considered intelligent. Such type of agents come under the category of AI agents or Rational Agents.

36 .

Texas Instruments Incorporated produces a low-cost LISP machine called

A)

The Explorer

B)

Smalltalk

C)

The Personal Consultant

D)

The Computer-Based Consultant

Correct Answer : Option (A) : The Explorer

37 .

External actions of the agent is selected by __________

A)

Actuator

B)

Performance

C)

Perceive

D)

Learning

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Performance

38 .

Which of the following areas can not contribute to build an intelligent system?

A)

Neuron science

B)

Maths

C)

Geology

D)

Computer Science

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Geology

Explanation : Geology can not contribute to build an intelligent system.

39 .

Which stage of the manufacturing process has been described as "the mapping of function onto form"?

A)

Design

B)

Field service

C)

Distribution

D)

Project management

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Design

40 .

What are the two subfields of Natural language processing?

A)

time and motion

B)

symbolic and numeric

C)

understanding and generation

D)

algorithmic and heuristic

Correct Answer : Option (D) : algorithmic and heuristic

41 .

An Artificial Intelligence technique that allows computers to understand associations and relationships between objects and events is called_______

A)

pattern matching

B)

cognitive science

C)

relative symbolism

D)

heuristic processing

Correct Answer : Option (C) : relative symbolism

42 .

An expert system differs from a database program in that only an expert system_________

A)

contains declarative knowledge

B)

contains procedural knowledge

C)

expects users to draw their own conclusions

D)

features the retrieval of stored information

Correct Answer : Option (B) : contains procedural knowledge

43 .

Which approach to speech recognition avoids the problem caused by the variation in speech patterns among different speakers?

A)

Connected word recognition

B)

Isolated word recognition

C)

Continuous speech recognition

D)

Speaker-dependent recognition

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Speaker-dependent recognition

44 .

Which kind of planning consists of successive representations of different levels of a plan?

A)

hierarchical planning

B)

non-hierarchical planning

C)

project planning

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : hierarchical planning

45 .

What does a system use to receive the input and act on the environment?

A)

Sensor

B)

Actuator

C)

Capacitor

D)

Both (a) and (b)

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both (a) and (b)

Explanation : Sensors are used to perceive from the environment and actuators are used to act on the environment by the system.

46 .

What is the total number of quantification available in artificial intelligence?

A)

4

B)

3

C)

2

D)

1

Correct Answer : Option (C) : 2

Explanation :

There are two types of quantification. They are :

i) Universal

ii) Existential

47 .

On which Artificial Neural Network is based on which type of approach?

A)

Applied approach

B)

Cognitive approach

C)

Weak approach

D)

Strong approach

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Cognitive approach

Explanation : Cognitive approach is used to build a system which can behave and think like human beings and solve the problems.

48 .

Face Recognition system is based on which type of approach?

A)

Cognitive approach

B)

Applied approach

C)

Weak approach

D)

Strong approach

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Applied approach

Explanation : Applied approach aims to produce commercially viable “smart” systems such as, for example, a security system that recognizes the faces of people to provide access. The applied approach has already enjoyed considerable success.

49 .

Which of the following is an advantage of artificial intelligence?

A)

Helps in providing security

B)

Reduces the time taken to solve the problem

C)

Have the ability to think hence makes the work easier

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : Artificial intelligence creates a machine that can think and make decisions without human involvement.

50 .

_______ produces hypotheses that are easy to read for humans.

A)

ILP

B)

Machine Learning

C)

First-order logic

D)

Propositional logic

Correct Answer : Option (A) : ILP

Explanation : ILP (Inductive Logic Programming) is a subfield of artificial intelligence. Because ILP can participate in the scientific cycle of experimentation So that it can produce a flexible structure.

51 .

An Artificial Intelligence system developed by Terry A. Winograd to permit an interactive dialogue about a domain he called blocks-world.

A)

SIMD

B)

BACON

C)

SHRDLU

D)

STUDENT

Correct Answer : Option (C) : SHRDLU

52 .

A computer vision technique that relies on image templates is

A)

robot vision

B)

edge detection

C)

binocular vision

D)

model-based vision

Correct Answer : Option (D) : model-based vision

53 .

A technique that was developed to determine whether a machine could or could not demonstrate the artificial intelligence known as the______

A)

Boolean Algebra

B)

Turing Test

C)

Logarithm

D)

Algorithm

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Turing Test

Explanation : In the year 1950, mathematician and computing pioneer Alan Turing introduced a test to determine whether a machine can think like a human or not, which means it can demonstrate intelligence, known as the Turing Test. It was based on the "Imitation game" with some modifications. This technique is still a measure of various successful AI projects, with some updates.

54 .

Which algorithm is used in the Game tree to make decisions of Win/Lose?

A)

DFS/BFS algorithm

B)

Min/Max algorithm

C)

Greedy Search Algorithm

D)

Heuristic Search Algorithm

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Min/Max algorithm

Explanation : A game tree is a directed graph whose nodes represent the positions in Game and edges represent the moves. To make any decision, the game tree uses the Min/Max algorithm. The Min/Max algorithm is the preferred one over other search algorithms, as it provides the best move to the player, assuming that the opponent is also playing Optimally.

55 .

Which rule is applied for the Simple reflex agent?

A)

Condition-action rule

B)

Simple-action rule

C)

Simple &Condition-action rule

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Condition-action rule

Explanation : The simple reflex agent takes decisions only on the current condition and acts accordingly; it ignores the rest of history; hence it follows the Condition-action rule.

56 .

Graphic interfaces were first used in a Xerox product called______

A)

ZetaLISP

B)

InterLISP

C)

Smalltalk

D)

Ethernet

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Smalltalk

57 .

Third component of a planning system is to_______

A)

Detect when solution will be found

B)

Detect whether solution exists or not

C)

Detect whether multiple solutions exist

D)

Detect when a solution has been found

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Detect when a solution has been found

Explanation : Third component of a planning system is to detect when a solution has been found.

58 .

The action of the Simple reflex agent completely depends upon________

A)

Learning theory

B)

Utility functions

C)

Current perception

D)

Perception history

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Current perception

Explanation : These agents select actions based on the current perception, ignoring the rest of the perception history.

59 .

Which of the following could be the approaches to Artificial Intelligence?

A)

Weak Artificial Intelligence

B)

Strong Artificial Intelligence

C)

Applied Artificial Intelligence

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation :

* Strong Artificial Intelligence aims to build machines that can truly reason and solve problems.

* Weak Artificial Intelligence deals with the creation of some form of computer-based artificial intelligence that cannot truly reason and solve problems, but can act as if it were intelligent.

* Applied Artificial Intelligence aims to produce commercially viable “smart” systems.

* In the Cognitive Artificial Intelligence approach, a computer is used to test theories about how the human mind works.

60 .

High-resolution, bit-mapped displays are useful for displaying ______

A)

Graphics

B)

More characters

C)

Clearer characters

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : More characters

61 .

The new organization established to implement the Fifth Generation Project is called _________

A)

ICOT (Institute for New Generation Computer Technology)

B)

SCP (Strategic Computing Program)

C)

MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry)

D)

MCC (Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation)

Correct Answer : Option (A) : ICOT (Institute for New Generation Computer Technology)

62 .

What is the field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence?

A)

History

B)

Sociology

C)

Psychology

D)

Cognitive science

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Cognitive science

63 .

What is the name of the computer program that simulates the thought processes of human beings?

A)

Human logic

B)

Expert reason

C)

Expert system

D)

Personal information

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Expert system

64 .

DARPA, the agency that has funded a great deal of American Artificial Intelligence research, is part of the Department of

A)

Justice

B)

Energy

C)

Defense

D)

Education

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Defense

65 .

Decision support programs are designed to help managers make :

A)

Budget projections

B)

Business decisions

C)

Vacation schedules

D)

Visual presentations

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Business decisions

66 .

On which of the following approach completely automated chess engine (Learn from previous games) is based?

A)

Strong approach

B)

Weak approach

C)

Applied approach

D)

Cognitive approach

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Strong approach

Explanation : The goal of a strong approach is to create machines that can really think and solve problems. These machines must be self-aware, and their total cognitive aptitude must be comparable to that of a human person. Strong approach argues that robots can have cognitive mental states if they are properly developed.

67 .

MLMenu, a natural language interface for the TI Explorer, is similar to________

A)

NaturalLink

B)

PROLOG

C)

Ethernet

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : NaturalLink

68 .

A computer vision technique that relies on image templates is ________

A)

robot vision

B)

edge detection

C)

binocular vision

D)

model-based vision

Correct Answer : Option (D) : model-based vision

69 .

The Al researcher who co-authored both the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence and The Fifth Generation is __________

A)

Mark Fox

B)

Bruce Lee

C)

Ed Feigenbaum

D)

Randy Davis

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Ed Feigenbaum

70 .

The Face Recognition system is based on?

A)

Weak Artificial Intelligence approach

B)

Strong Artificial Intelligence approach

C)

Cognitive Artificial Intelligence approach

D)

Applied Artificial Intelligence approach

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Applied Artificial Intelligence approach

Explanation : Applied Artificial Intelligence approach aims to produce commercially viable “smart” systems such as, for example, a security system that is able to recognize the faces of people who permitted to enter a particular building. Applied Artificial Intelligence has already enjoyed considerable success.

71 .

A bidirectional feedback loop links computer modeling with

A)

artificial science

B)

human intelligence

C)

cognitive science

D)

heuristic processing

Correct Answer : Option (B) : human intelligence

72 .

What is the name of the computer program that contains the distilled knowledge of an expert?

A)

Expert system

B)

Artificial intelligence

C)

Database management system

D)

Management information System

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Expert system

73 .

Arthur Samuel is linked inextricably with a program that played_______

A)

chess

B)

cricket

C)

checkers

D)

football

Correct Answer : Option (C) : checkers

74 .

A heuristic is a way of trying__________

A)

To discover something or an idea embedded in a program

B)

To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other is

C)

To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : In a heuristic approach, we discover certain idea and use heuristic functions to search for a goal and predicates to compare nodes.

75 .

How do you represent "All dogs have tails"?

A)

Û·x: dog(y) Ã hastail(x)

B)

Û·x: dog(x) Ã hastail(y)

C)

Û·x: dog(x) Ã hastail(x)

D)

Û·x: dog(x) Ã hasÃ tail(x)

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Û·x: dog(x) Ã hastail(x)

Explanation : We represent the statement in mathematical logic taking ‘x ‘as Dog and which has tail. We cannot represent two variable x, y for the same object Dog that has tail. The symbol “Û· “represent all.

76 .

In 1985, the famous chess player David Levy beat a world champion chess program in four straight games by using orthodox moves that confused the program. What was the name of the chess program?

A)

Golf

B)

CRAY BLITZ

C)

DIGDUG

D)

Kaissa

Correct Answer : Option (B) : CRAY BLITZ

77 .

The CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) technique based on programmed instruction is________

A)

frame-based CAI

B)

intelligent CAI

C)

generative CAI

D)

problem-solving CAI

Correct Answer : Option (A) : frame-based CAI

78 .

In Bayes theorem, what is meant by P(Hi|E)?

A)

The probability that hypotheses Hi is true given evidence E

B)

The probability that hypotheses Hi is false given evidence E

C)

The probability that hypotheses Hi is true given false evidence E

D)

The probability that hypotheses Hi is false given false evidence E

Correct Answer : Option (A) : The probability that hypotheses Hi is true given evidence E

79 .

A basic line following robot is based on_________

A)

Applied Artificial Intelligence approach

B)

Cognitive Artificial Intelligence approach

C)

Strong Artificial Intelligence approach

D)

Weak Artificial Intelligence approach

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Weak Artificial Intelligence approach

Explanation : Weak Artificial Intelligence deals with the creation of some form of computer-based artificial intelligence that cannot truly reason and solve problems, but can act as if it were intelligent. Weak Artificial Intelligence holds that suitably programmed machines can simulate human cognition.

80 .

Programming a robot by physically moving it through the trajectory you want it to follow be called_________

A)

robot vision control

B)

contact sensing control

C)

continuous-path control

D)

pick-and-place control

Correct Answer : Option (C) : continuous-path control

81 .

To invoke the LISP system, you must enter_________

A)

AI

B)

LISP

C)

CL (Common Lisp)

D)

Both LISP and CL

Correct Answer : Option (B) : LISP

82 .

ART (Automatic Reasoning Tool) is designed to be used on ______

A)

LISP machines

B)

Microcomputers

C)

Personal computers

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : LISP machines

83 .

Which particular generation of computers is associated with artificial intelligence?

A)

Second

B)

Third

C)

Fourth

D)

Fifth

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Fifth

84 .

Which type of actuator generates a good deal of power but tends to be messy?

A)

hydraulic

B)

electric

C)

pneumatic

D)

both hydraulic & pneumatic

Correct Answer : Option (A) : hydraulic

85 .

The integrated circuit was invented by Jack Kilby of __________

A)

MIT

B)

Xerox

C)

Texas Instruments

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Texas Instruments

86 .

A computer program that contains expertise in a particular domain is called?

A)

intelligent planner

B)

expert system

C)

automatic processor

D)

operational symbolizer

Correct Answer : Option (B) : expert system

87 .

Which of the following are examples of software development tools?

A)

editors

B)

debuggers

C)

assemblers, compilers and interpreters

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

88 .

Which is the first AI programming language?

A)

LISP

B)

BASIC

C)

FORTRAN

D)

IPL(Inductive logic programming)

Correct Answer : Option (A) : LISP

89 .

The Cedar, BBN Butterfly, Cosmic Cube and Hypercube machine can be characterized as ________

A)

SIMD

B)

SISD

C)

MIMD

D)

MISD

Correct Answer : Option (C) : MIMD

90 .

A series of AI systems, developed by Pat Langley to explore the role of heuristics in scientific discovery is ________

A)

DU

B)

MIT

C)

RAMD

D)

BACON

Correct Answer : Option (D) : BACON

91 .

What is another type of Default reasoning?

A)

Bitonic reasoning

B)

Analogical reasoning

C)

Monotonic reasoning

D)

Non-monotonic reasoning

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Non-monotonic reasoning

92 .

Generality is the measure of __________

A)

The overall power of the system

B)

Ease with which the method can be adapted to different domains of application

C)

A learning system to function with unreliable feedback and with a variety of training examples

D)

The average time required to construct the target knowledge structures from some specified initial structures

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Ease with which the method can be adapted to different domains of application

Explanation : Generality is the measure of the ease with which the method can be adapted to different domains of application.

93 .

A natural language generation program must decide ________

A)

What to say

B)

Why it is being used

C)

When to say something

D)

Both what to say & when to say something

Correct Answer : Option (A) : What to say

94 .

In which of the following areas may ICAI programs prove to be useful?

A)

corporations

B)

department of Defense

C)

educational institutions

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : educational institutions

95 .

A network with named nodes and labeled arcs that can be used to represent certain natural language grammars to facilitate parsing.

A)

Tree Network

B)

Star Network

C)

Transition Network

D)

Complete Network

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Transition Network

96 .

Visual clues that are helpful in computer vision include ___________

A)

height and weight

B)

depth and texture

C)

color and motion

D)

color and motion, depth and texture

Correct Answer : Option (D) : color and motion, depth and texture

97 .

Which depends on the percepts and actions available to the agent?

A)

Agent

B)

Sensor

C)

Design problem

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Design problem

Explanation : The design problem depends on the percepts and actions available to the agent, the goals that the agent’s behavior should satisfy.

98 .

Which is not the commonly used programming language for AI?

A)

Perl

B)

Java

C)

LISP

D)

PROLOG

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Perl

Explanation : Because Perl is used as a script language, and not of much use for AI practice. All others are used to generate an artificial program.

99 .

What is the action of task environment in artificial intelligence?

A)

Agent

B)

Problem

C)

Solution

D)

Observation

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Problem

Explanation : Task environments will pose a problem and rational agent will find the solution for the posed problem.

100 .

Which search agent operates by interleaving computation and action?

A)

Offline search

B)

Online search

C)

Depth-first search

D)

Breadth-first search

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Online search

Explanation : In online search, it will first take an action and then observes the environment.

101 .

Which instruments are used for perceiving and acting upon the environment?

A)

Sensors

B)

Actuators

C)

Perceiver and Sensor

D)

Sensors and Actuators

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Sensors and Actuators

Explanation : An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon the environment through the sensors and actuators.

102 .

Which of the following is not a type of agents in artificial intelligence?

A)

Utility based

B)

Model based

C)

Target based

D)

Simple reflex

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Target based

Explanation : The four types of agents are Simple reflex, Model based, Goal based and Utility based agents.

103 .

What are Agent?

A)

An agent is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors

B)

An agent is anything that can control its environment through sensors

C)

An agent is anything that can change its environment through sensors

D)

None of the Above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : An agent is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors

Explanation : An agent is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors and acts upon that environment through effectors

104 .

What can operate over the joint state space?

A)

Complex algorithm

B)

Conditional algortihm

C)

Decision-making algorithm

D)

None of the Above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Decision-making algorithm

Explanation : Decision-making and learning algorithms can operate over the joint state space and thereby serve to implement and used to improve the computational activities.

105 .

Which technology uses miniaturized accelerometers and gyroscopes?

A)

MASE

B)

MEMS

C)

Sensors

D)

Actuators

Correct Answer : Option (B) : MEMS

Explanation : Micro Electro Mechanical System(MEMS) uses miniaturized accelerometers and gyroscopes and is used to produce actuators.

106 .

What is the full form of PEAS?

A)

Performance Measure, Entity, Actuators, and Sensors

B)

Perceptual Measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors

C)

Performance Measure, Environment, Agent Function, and Sensors

D)

Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors

Explanation : The problem the agent solves is characterized by Performance Measure, Environment, Actuators, and Sensors (PEAS).

107 .

Agent's structure can be viewed as ?

A)

Architecture

B)

Agent Program

C)

Architecture + Agent Program

D)

None of the Above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Architecture + Agent Program

Explanation : Agent's structure can be viewed as - Agent = Architecture + Agent Program

108 .

What could possibly be the environment of a Satellite Image Analysis System?

A)

Computers in space and earth

B)

Image categorization techniques

C)

Statistical data on image pixel intensity value and histograms

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : An environment is something which agent stays in.

109 .

Categorize Crossword puzzle in Fully Observable / Partially Observable.

A)

Fully Observable

B)

Partially Observable

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Fully Observable

Explanation : In crossword puzzle an agent knows the complete state of the environment through its sensors.

110 .

Satellite Image Analysis System is (Choose the one that is not applicable).

A)

Episodic

B)

Partially Observable

C)

Semi-Static

D)

Single agent

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Partially Observable

Explanation : System knows the current status of the analysis thought its inputs.

111 .

What is used for tracking uncertain events?

A)

Sensors

B)

Actuators

C)

Filtering algorithm

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Filtering algorithm

Explanation : Filtering algorithm is used for tracking uncertain events because in this the real perception is involved.

112 .

What is not represented by using propositional logic?

A)

Objects

B)

Relations

C)

Both Objects & Relations

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Both Objects & Relations

Explanation : Objects and relations are not represented by using propositional logic explicitly.

113 .

What kind of environment is strategic in artificial intelligence?

A)

Partial

B)

Rational

C)

Stochastic

D)

Deterministic

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Deterministic

Explanation : If the environment is deterministic except for the action of other agent is called deterministic.

114 .

Which is used to select the particular environment to run the agent?

A)

Environment Generator

B)

Environment creator

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Environment Generator

115 .

Which environment is called as semi dynamic?

A)

Agent performance changes

B)

Environment will be changed

C)

Environment does not change with the passage of time

D)

Environment does not change with the passage of time, but Agent performance changes

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Environment does not change with the passage of time, but Agent performance changes

116 .

When do we call the states are safely explorable?

A)

A goal state is denied access

B)

A goal state is unreachable from any state

C)

A goal state is reachable from every state

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : A goal state is reachable from every state

117 .

In which agent does the problem generator is present?

A)

Reflex agent

B)

Learning agent

C)

Observing agent

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Learning agent

Explanation : Simple reflex agent is based on the present condition and so it is condition action rule.

118 .

Which agent deals with happy and unhappy states?

A)

Learning agent

B)

Utility based agent

C)

Model based agent

D)

Simple reflex agent

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Utility based agent

Explanation : A utility function maps a state onto a real number which describes the associated degree of happiness.

119 .

Which action sequences are used to achieve the agent's goal?

A)

Plan

B)

Search

C)

Retrieve

D)

Search & Plan

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Search & Plan

Explanation : When the environment becomes more tricky means, the agent needs plan and search action sequence to achieve the goal.

120 .

Which of the following is not Properties of Environment?

A)

No agent / Multiple agents

B)

Static / Dynamic

C)

Discrete / Continuous

D)

Deterministic / Non-deterministic

Correct Answer : Option (A) : No agent / Multiple agents

121 .

Which search algorithm will use limited amount of memory?

A)

RBFS

B)

SMA*

C)

Hill-climbing search algorithm

D)

Both RBFS & SMA*

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both RBFS & SMA*

Explanation : RBFE and SMA* will solve any kind of problem that A* can’t by using limited amount of memory.

122 .

What is the main task of a problem-solving agent?

A)

Solve the given problem and reach to goal

B)

To find out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Both (a) and (b)

123 .

What is state space?

A)

Representing your problem with variable and parameter

B)

The whole problem

C)

Problem you design

D)

Your Definition to a problem

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Representing your problem with variable and parameter

Explanation : Because state space is mostly concerned with a problem, when you try to solve a problem, we have to design a mathematical structure to the problem, which can only be through variables and parameters. eg. You have given a 4-gallon jug and another 3-gallon jug. Neither has measuring marker on it. You have to fill the jugs with water. How can you get exactly 2 gallons of water in to 4 gallons. Here the state space can defined as set of ordered pairs integers(x,y), such that x=0,1,2,3 or 4 and y=0,1,2 or 3; X represents the number of gallons in 4 gallon jug and y represents the quantity of water in the 3-gallon jug.

124 .

Which search implements stack operation for searching the states?

A)

Breadth-first search

B)

Depth-first search

C)

Depth-limited search

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Depth-first search

Explanation : It implements stack operation because it always expands the deepest node in the current tree.

125 .

What is Initial state + Goal state in Search Terminology?

A)

Admissibility

B)

Problem Instance

C)

Problem Space

D)

Problem Space Graph

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Problem Instance

Explanation : Problem Instance : It is Initial state + Goal state.

126 .

What is Time Complexity of Breadth First search algorithm?

A)

b^2

B)

b

C)

b^b

D)

b^d

Correct Answer : Option (D) : b^d

Explanation : Time Complexity of Breadth First search algorithm is b^d.

127 .

What is the general term of Blind searching?

A)

Informed Search

B)

Heuristic Search

C)

Uninformed Search

D)

Informed & Unformed Search

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Uninformed Search

Explanation : In case of uninformed search no additional information except the problem definition is given.

128 .

Which of the following is/are Uninformed Search technique/techniques?

A)

Bidirectional Search

B)

Depth First Search (DFS)

C)

Breadth First Search (BFS)

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : Several uninformed search techniques includes BFS, DFS, Uniform-cost, Depth-limited, Bidirectional search etc.

129 .

What is the other name of informed search strategy?

A)

Heuristic search

B)

Simple search

C)

Online search

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Heuristic search

130 .

A heuristic is a way of trying ______

A)

To discover something or an idea embedded in a program

B)

To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than another

C)

To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : In a heuristic approach, we discover certain idea and use heuristic functions to search for a goal and predicates to compare nodes.

131 .

Best-First search is a type of informed search, which uses ________________ to choose the best next node for expansion.

A)

Evaluation function returning highest evaluation

B)

Evaluation function returning lowest evaluation

C)

Evaluation function returning lowest & highest evaluation

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Evaluation function returning lowest evaluation

Explanation : Best-first search is an instance of the general TREE-SEARCH or GRAPH-SEARCH algorithm in which a node is selected for expansion based on an evaluation function, f (n). Traditionally, the node with the lowest evaluation is selected for expansion, because the evaluation measures distance to the goal.

132 .

What is Branching Factor?

A)

Length of the shortest path from initial state to goal state.

B)

A property of an algorithm to always find an optimal solution.

C)

The average number of child nodes in the problem space graph.

D)

None of the Above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : The average number of child nodes in the problem space graph.

Explanation : Branching Factor : The average number of child nodes in the problem space graph.

133 .

The process of removing detail from a given state representation is called ______

A)

Extraction

B)

Mining of data

C)

Abstraction

D)

Information Retrieval

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Abstraction

Explanation : The process of removing detail from a representation is called abstraction.

134 .

Though local search algorithms are not systematic, key advantages would include ________

A)

More time

B)

Less memory

C)

Finds a solution in large infinite space

D)

Less memory & Finds a solution in large infinite space

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Less memory & Finds a solution in large infinite space

Explanation : Two advantages: (1) they use very little memory-usually a constant amount; and (2) they can often find reasonable solutions in large or infinite (continuous) state spaces for which systematic algorithms are unsuitable.

135 .

When will Hill-Climbing algorithm terminate?

A)

No neighbor has higher value

B)

Stopping criterion met

C)

Global Min/Max is achieved

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : No neighbor has higher value

136 .

Searching using query on Internet is, use of ___________ type of agent.

A)

Online agent

B)

Goal Based & Online agent

C)

Offline agent

D)

Both (a) and (c)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Goal Based & Online agent

137 .

___________ algorithm keeps track of k states rather than just one.

A)

Local Beam search

B)

Hill-Climbing search

C)

Random restart hill-climbing search

D)

Stochastic hill-climbing search

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Local Beam search

138 .

__________ are mathematical problems defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a number of constraints or limitations.

A)

Local Search Problems

B)

Uninformed Search Problems

C)

Constraints Satisfaction Problems

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Constraints Satisfaction Problems

139 .

To overcome the need to backtrack in constraint satisfaction problem can be eliminated by __________

A)

Constraint Propagation

B)

Backtrack after a forward search

C)

Local Beam search

D)

Forward Searching

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Forward Searching

Explanation : Forward Searching is technique in which a forward check till k steps is made to analyze that the goal can be achieved satiating all constraints. With constraint propagation, constraints on a variable can be propagated to next level/hierarchy and satisfied at that level, eliminating need to backtrack.

140 .

Consider a problem of preparing a schedule for a class of student. What type of problem is this?

A)

CSA

B)

CSP

C)

Planning Problem

D)

Backtrack Problem

Correct Answer : Option (B) : CSP

Explanation : Schedule developer needs to consider all constraints on teacher as well as students.

141 .

Solving a constraint satisfaction problem on a finite domain is an/a ___________ problem with respect to the domain size.

A)

NP hard

B)

P Complete

C)

NP complete

D)

Domain dependent

Correct Answer : Option (C) : NP complete

142 .

Flexible CSPs relax on _________

A)

Constraints

B)

Goal State

C)

Initial State

D)

Current State

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Constraints

143 .

Backtracking is based on _________

A)

Recursion

B)

First in first out

C)

Last in first out

D)

Both Last in first out & Recursion

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both Last in first out & Recursion

144 .

Which of the following algorithm is generally used CSP search algorithm?

A)

Breadth-first search algorithm

B)

Hill-climbing search algorithm

C)

Depth-first search algorithm

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Depth-first search algorithm

145 .

Which of the following search algorithm searches forward from initial state and backward from goal state till both meet to identify a common state?

A)

Uniform Cost Search

B)

Bidirectional Search

C)

Iterative Deepening Depth-First Search

D)

None of the Above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Bidirectional Search

Explanation : Bidirectional Search searches forward from initial state and backward from goal state till both meet to identify a common state.

146 .

A* algorithm is based on ________

A)

Breadth-First-Search

B)

Best-First-Search

C)

Depth-First-Search

D)

Uniform Cost Search

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Best-First-Search

Explanation : Best-first-search is giving the idea of optimization and quick choose of path, and all these characteristic lies in A* algorithm.

147 .

Heuristic function h(n) is ______

A)

Lowest path cost

B)

Average path cost

C)

Cheapest path from root to goal node

D)

Estimated cost of cheapest path from root to goal node

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Estimated cost of cheapest path from root to goal node

148 .

Greedy search strategy chooses the node for expansion in ________

A)

Deepest

B)

Shallowest

C)

Minimum heuristic cost

D)

The one closest to the goal node

Correct Answer : Option (D) : The one closest to the goal node

Explanation : Sometimes minimum heuristics can be used, sometimes maximum heuristics function can be used. It depends upon the application on which the algorithm is applied.

149 .

A problem in a search space is defined by one of these state.

A)

Initial state

B)

Last state

C)

Intermediate state

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Initial state

Explanation : A problem has four components initial state, goal test, set of actions, path cost.

150 .

Which algorithm is used to solve any kind of problem?

A)

Breadth-first algorithm

B)

Bidirectional search algorithm

C)

Tree algorithm

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Tree algorithm

Explanation : Tree algorithm is used because specific variants of the algorithm embed different strategies.

151 .

What is the space complexity of Depth-first search?

A)

O(b)

B)

O(bm)

C)

O(m)

D)

O(bl)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : O(bm)

Explanation : O(bm) is the space complexity where b is the branching factor and m is the maximum depth of the search tree.

152 .

Web Crawler is a/an ________

A)

Model based agent

B)

Intelligent goal-based agent

C)

Simple reflex agent

D)

Problem-solving agent

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Intelligent goal-based agent

153 .

A production rule consists of __________

A)

A set of Rule

B)

A sequence of steps

C)

Arbitrary representation to problem

D)

Set of Rule & sequence of steps

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Set of Rule & sequence of steps

Explanation : When you are trying to solve a problem, you should design how to get a step-by-step solution with constraints condition to your problem, e.g Chess board problem.

154 .

Which is the best way to go for Game playing problem?

A)

Linear approach

B)

Random approach

C)

An Optimal approach

D)

Heuristic approach (Some knowledge is stored)

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Heuristic approach (Some knowledge is stored)

Explanation : We use a Heuristic approach, as it will find out brute force computation, looking at hundreds of thousands of positions. e.g Chess competition between Human and AI based Computer.

155 .

Depth-First Search is implemented in recursion with _______ data structure.

A)

LIFO

B)

LILO

C)

FILO

D)

FIFO

Correct Answer : Option (A) : LIFO

Explanation : Depth-First Search implemented in recursion with LIFO stack data structure.

156 .

What is disadvantage of Greedy Best First Search?

A)

This algorithm is neither complete, nor optimal.

B)

may not terminate and go on infinitely on one path

C)

It can get stuck in loops. It is not optimal.

D)

There can be multiple long paths with the cost â‰¤ C*

Correct Answer : Option (C) : It can get stuck in loops. It is not optimal.

Explanation : The disadvantage of Greedy Best First Search is that it can get stuck in loops. It is not optimal.

157 .

How many types of informed search method are in artificial intelligence?

A)

3

B)

4

C)

5

D)

6

Correct Answer : Option (B) : 4

Explanation : The four types of informed search method are best-first search, Greedy best-first search, A* search and memory bounded heuristic search.

158 .

How many types are available in uninformed search method?

A)

3

B)

4

C)

5

D)

6

Correct Answer : Option (C) : 5

Explanation : The five types of uninformed search method are Breadth-first, Uniform-cost, Depth-first, Depth-limited and Bidirectional search.

159 .

The time and space complexity of BFS is (For time and space complexity problems consider b as branching factor and d as depth of the search tree.)

A)

O(d2) and O(d2)

B)

O(b2) and O(d2)

C)

O(d2) and O(b2)

D)

O(bd+1) and O(bd+1)

Correct Answer : Option (D) : O(bd+1) and O(bd+1)

Explanation : We consider a hypothetical state space where every state has b successors. The root of the search tree generates b nodes at the first level, each of which generates b more nodes, for a total of b2 at the second level. Each of these generates b more nodes, yielding b3 nodes at the third level, and so on. Now suppose that the solution is at depth d. In the worst case, we would expand all but the last node at level d (since the goal itself is not expanded), generating bd+1- b nodes at level d+1.

160 .

Optimality of BFS is ___________

A)

When all step costs are equal

B)

When all step costs are unequal

C)

When there is less number of nodes

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : When all step costs are equal

161 .

What is the heuristic function of greedy best-first search?

A)

f(n) = h(n)

B)

f(n) > h(n)

C)

f(n) < h(n)

D)

f(n) != h(n)

Correct Answer : Option (A) : f(n) = h(n)

162 .

General games involves ______

A)

Single-agent

B)

Multi-agent

C)

Only Single-agent and Multi-agent

D)

Neither Single-agent nor Multi-agent

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Only Single-agent and Multi-agent

Explanation : Depending upon games it could be single agent (Sudoku) or multi-agent (Chess).

163 .

Adversarial search problems uses _____

A)

Cooperative Environment

B)

Competitive Environment

C)

Only Competitive and Cooperative Environment

D)

Neither Competitive nor Cooperative Environment

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Competitive Environment

Explanation : Since in cooperative environment agents’ goals are I conflicts. They compete for goal.

164 .

What is the complexity of minimax algorithm?

A)

Same as of DFS

B)

Same as BFS

C)

Space â€“ bm and time â€“ bm

D)

Time â€“ bm and space â€“ bm

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Same as of DFS

165 .

Zero sum game has to be a ______ game.

A)

Single player

B)

Two player

C)

Three player

D)

Multiplayer

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Multiplayer

Explanation : Zero sum games could be multiplayer games as long as the condition for zero sum game is satisfied.

166 .

Which values are independant in minimax search algorithm?

A)

Root is independant

B)

Every states are dependant

C)

Pruned leaves x and y

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Pruned leaves x and y

Explanation : The minimax decision are independant of the values of the pruned values x and y because of the root values.

167 .

To which depth does the alpha-beta pruning can be applied?

A)

4 States

B)

6 States

C)

8 States

D)

10 states

Correct Answer : Option (B) : 6 States

Explanation : Alpha–beta pruning can be applied to trees of any depth and it is possible to prune entire subtree rather than leaves.

168 .

Which search is similar to minimax search?

A)

Hill-climbing search

B)

Breadth-first search

C)

Depth-first search

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Depth-first search

Explanation : The minimax search is depth-first search, So at one time we just have to consider the nodes along a single path in the tree.

169 .

Which function is used to calculate the feasibility of whole game tree?

A)

Evaluation function

B)

Transposition

C)

Alpha-beta pruning

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Evaluation function

Explanation : Because we need to cut the search off at some point and apply an evaluation function that gives an estimate of the utility of the state.

170 .

What is called as transposition table?

A)

Hash table of previously seen positions

B)

Next value in the search

C)

Hash table of next seen positions

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Hash table of previously seen positions

171 .

Which value is assigned to alpha and beta in the alpha-beta pruning?

A)

Alpha = max

B)

Beta = max

C)

Beta = min

D)

Both Alpha = max & Beta = min

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both Alpha = max & Beta = min

Explanation : Alpha and beta are the values of the best choice we have found so far at any choice point along the path for MAX and MIN.

172 .

Which is the most straightforward approach for planning algorithm?

A)

Best-first search

B)

State-space search

C)

Depth-first search

D)

Hill-climbing search

Correct Answer : Option (B) : State-space search

Explanation : The straightforward approach for planning algorithm is state space search because it takes into account of everything for finding a solution.

173 .

What are taken into account of state-space search?

A)

Effects

B)

Preconditions

C)

Postconditions

D)

Both Preconditions & Effects

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both Preconditions & Effects

Explanation : The state-space search takes both precondition and effects into account for solving a problem.

174 .

What is the other name for forward state-space search?

A)

Test planning

B)

Regression planning

C)

Progression planning

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Progression planning

Explanation : It is sometimes called as progression planning, because it moves in the forward direction.

175 .

What is the other name of the backward state-space search?

A)

Regression planning

B)

Test planning

C)

State planning

D)

Progression planning

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Regression planning

Explanation : Backward state-space search will find the solution from goal to the action, So it is called as Regression planning.

176 .

What will happen if a predecessor description is generated that is satisfied by the initial state of the planning problem?

A)

Error

B)

Termination

C)

Success

D)

Compilation

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Termination

177 .

Which approach is to pretend that a pure divide and conquer algorithm will work?

A)

Goal independence

B)

Subgoal independence

C)

Both Goal & Subgoal independence

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Subgoal independence

Explanation : Subgoal independence approach is to pretend that a pure divide and conquer algorithm will work for admissible heuristics.

178 .

A _________ is used to demonstrate, on a purely syntactic basis, that one formula is a logical consequence of another formula.

A)

Inductive Systems

B)

Search Based Systems

C)

Deductive Systems

D)

Reasoning with Knowledge Based Systems

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Deductive Systems

179 .

The statement comprising the limitations of FOL is/are ________

A)

Expressiveness

B)

Many-sorted Logic

C)

Formalizing Natural Languages

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

180 .

First Order Logic is also known as _______

A)

Quantification Theory

B)

Lower Order Calculus

C)

First Order Predicate Calculus

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

181 .

Which is created by using single propositional symbol?

A)

Atomic sentences

B)

Complex sentences

C)

Composition sentences

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Atomic sentences

182 .

Which is used to construct the complex sentences?

A)

Symbols

B)

Logical connectives

C)

Connectives

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Logical connectives

183 .

How many logical connectives are there in artificial intelligence?

A)

3

B)

4

C)

5

D)

6

Correct Answer : Option (C) : 5

Explanation : The five logical symbols are negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication and biconditional.

184 .

Which is used to compute the truth of any sentence?

A)

First-order logic

B)

Alpha-beta pruning

C)

Semantics of propositional logic

D)

Both Semantics of propositional logic & Alpha-beta pruning

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Semantics of propositional logic

Explanation : Because the meaning of the sentences is really needed to compute the truth.

185 .

Which are needed to compute the logical inference algorithm?

A)

Validity

B)

Satisfiability

C)

Logical equivalence

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : Logical inference algorithm can be solved be using logical equivalence, Validity and satisfiability.

186 .

Which is also called single inference rule?

A)

Resolution

B)

Reform

C)

Reference

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Resolution

Explanation : Because resolution yields a complete inference rule when coupled with any search algorithm.

187 .

What can be viewed as a single lateral of disjunction?

A)

Combine clause

B)

Unit clause

C)

Multiple clause

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Unit clause

188 .

From which rule does the modus ponens are derived?

A)

Single rule

B)

Module rule

C)

Inference rule

D)

Both Module rule & Inference rule

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Inference rule

189 .

Which is a refutation complete inference procedure for propositional logic?

A)

Clauses

B)

Variables

C)

Proposition

D)

Propositional resolution

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Propositional resolution

190 .

Which can be converted to inferred equivalent CNF sentence?

A)

Every sentence of inference

B)

Every sentence of first-order logic

C)

Every sentence of propositional logic

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Every sentence of first-order logic

191 .

Which sentence will be unsatisfiable if the CNF sentence is unsatisfiable?

A)

Original statement

B)

Search statement

C)

Reading statement

D)

Replaced statement

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Original statement

Explanation : The CNF statement will be unsatisfiable just when the original sentence is unsatisfiable.

192 .

What is meant by factoring?

A)

Removal of redundant literal

B)

Addition of redundant literal

C)

Addition of redundant variable

D)

Removal of redundant variable

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Removal of redundant literal

193 .

When the resolution is called as refutation-complete?

A)

Sentence is satisfiable

B)

Sentence remains the same

C)

Sentence is unsatisfiable

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Sentence is unsatisfiable

Explanation : Resolution is refutation-complete, if a set of sentence is unsatisfiable, then resolution will always be able to derive a contradiction.

194 .

What will happen if two literals are identical?

A)

Added as three

B)

Reduced to one

C)

Remains the same

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Reduced to one

Explanation : Propositional factoring reduces two literals to one if they are identical.

195 .

Which condition is used to cease the growth of forward chaining?

A)

Atomic sentences

B)

No further inference

C)

Complex sentences

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : No further inference

Explanation : Forward chain can grow by adding new atomic sentences until no further inference is made.

196 .

Which closely resembles propositional definite clause?

A)

Inference

B)

Resolution

C)

Conjunction

D)

First-order definite clauses

Correct Answer : Option (D) : First-order definite clauses

197 .

Which will solve the conjuncts of the rule so that the total cost is minimized?

A)

Conjunct ordering

B)

Data complexity

C)

Constraint variable

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Conjunct ordering

Explanation : Conjunct ordering will find an ordering to solve the conjuncts of the rule premise so that the total cost is minimized.

198 .

From where did the new fact inferred on new iteration is derived?

A)

New fact

B)

Old fact

C)

Narrow fact

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : New fact

199 .

Which knowledge base is called as fixed point?

A)

First-order definite clause are mismatch to propositional forward chaining

B)

First-order definite clause are similar to propositional forward chaining

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : First-order definite clause are similar to propositional forward chaining

Explanation : Fixed point reached by forward chaining with first-order definiteclause are similar to those for propositional forward chaining.

200 .

Which are more suitable normal form to be used with definite clause?

A)

Positive literal

B)

Negative literal

C)

Neutral literal

D)

Generalized modus ponens

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Generalized modus ponens

Explanation : Definite clauses are a suitable normal form for use with generalized modus ponen.

201 .

What is the condition of variables in first-order literals?

A)

Existentially quantified

B)

Universally quantified

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Universally quantified

Explanation : First-order literals will accept variables only if they are universally quantified.

202 .

Which algorithm will work backward from the goal to solve a problem?

A)

Hill-climb algorithm

B)

Forward chaining

C)

Backward chaining

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Backward chaining

Explanation : Backward chaining algorithm will work backward from the goal and it will chain the known facts that support the proof.

203 .

What will backward chaining algorithm will return?

A)

Logical statement

B)

Additional statements

C)

Substitutes matching the query

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Substitutes matching the query

Explanation : It will contains the list of goals containing a single element and returns the set of all substitutions satisfying the query.

204 .

How can be the goal is thought of in backward chaining algorithm?

A)

Stack

B)

List

C)

Vector

D)

Queue

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Stack

Explanation : The goals can be thought of as stack and if all of them us satisfied means, then current branch of proof succeeds.

205 .

Which algorithm are in more similar to backward chaining algorithm?

A)

Breadth-first search algorithm

B)

Depth-first search algorithm

C)

Hill-climbing search algorithm

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Depth-first search algorithm

Explanation : It is depth-first search algorithm because its space requirements are linear in the size of the proof.

206 .

How the logic programming can be constructed?

A)

Graph

B)

Vector

C)

Variables

D)

Expressing knowledge in a formal language

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Expressing knowledge in a formal language

Explanation : Logic programming can be constructed by expressing knowledge in a formal expression and the problem can be solved by running inference process.

207 .

Which is omitted in prolog unification algorithm?

A)

Variable check

B)

Proposition check

C)

Occur check

D)

Both Occur & Proposition check

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Occur check

Explanation : Occur check is omitted in prolog unification algorithm because of unsound inferences.

208 .

Which problem can frequently occur in backward chaining algorithm?

A)

Complexity

B)

Incompleteness

C)

Repeated states

D)

Both Repeated states & Incompleteness

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both Repeated states & Incompleteness

209 .

Which is mainly used for automated reasoning?

A)

Logic programming

B)

Backward chaining

C)

Forward chaining

D)

Parallel Programming

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Logic programming

Explanation : Logic programming is mainly used to check the working process of the system.

210 .

Knowledge and reasoning also play a crucial role in dealing with __________________ environment.

A)

Partially Observable

B)

Completely Observable

C)

Only Completely and Partially Observable

D)

Neither Completely nor Partially Observable

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Partially Observable

Explanation : Knowledge and reasoning could aid to reveal other factors that could complete environment.

211 .

Wumpus World is a classic problem, best example of _______

A)

Knowledge based Game

B)

Reasoning with Knowledge

C)

Single player Game

D)

Two player Game

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Reasoning with Knowledge

Explanation : Refer the definition of Wumpus World Problem.

212 .

Inference algorithm is complete only if ___________

A)

It is truth preserving

B)

It can derive any sentence

C)

It can derive any sentence that is an entailed version

D)

It can derive any sentence that is an entailed version & It is truth preserving

Correct Answer : Option (D) : It can derive any sentence that is an entailed version & It is truth preserving

213 .

Lifted inference rules require finding substitutions that make different logical expressions looks identical.

A)

Modus Ponen

B)

Universal Instantiation

C)

Unification

D)

Existential Instantiation

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Unification

Explanation : Refer the definition if universal instantiation.

214 .

What are the two basic types of inferences?

A)

Apply modus ponen, Manipulate rules directly

B)

Reduction to propositional logic, Manipulate rules directly

C)

Reduction to propositional logic, Apply modus ponen

D)

Convert every rule to Horn Clause, Reduction to propositional logic

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Reduction to propositional logic, Manipulate rules directly

215 .

Which among the following could the Existential instantiation of âˆƒx Crown(x) ^ OnHead(x, Venkat)?

A)

Crown(x) ^ OnHead(y, y, x)

B)

Crown(y) ^ OnHead(y, y, x)

C)

Crown(x) ^ OnHead(x, Venkat)

D)

Crown(Venkat) ^ OnHead(Venkat, Raja)

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Crown(Venkat) ^ OnHead(Venkat, Raja)

216 .

Which of the following is not the style of inference?

A)

Modus Ponen

B)

Forward Chaining

C)

Backward Chaining

D)

Resolution Refutation

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Modus Ponen

Explanation : Modus ponen is a rule for an inference.

217 .

Forward chaining systems are _______ where as backward chaining systems are _______

A)

Data-driven, Goal-driven

B)

Goal-driven, Goal-driven

C)

Goal-driven, Data-driven

D)

Data-driven, Data-driven

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Data-driven, Goal-driven

218 .

______ trees can be used to infer in Horn clause systems.

A)

Min/Max Tree

B)

And/Or Trees

C)

Binary Search Trees

D)

Minimum Spanning Trees

Correct Answer : Option (B) : And/Or Trees

219 .

Autonomous Question/Answering systems are ____________

A)

Expert Systems

B)

Rule Based Expert Systems

C)

Decision Tree Based Systems

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

220 .

________ is/are the well known Expert System/s for medical diagnosis systems.

A)

SMH.PAL

B)

DENDRAL

C)

MYSIN

D)

CADUCEUS

Correct Answer : Option (C) : MYSIN

221 .

What are the main components of the expert systems?

A)

Knowledge Base

B)

Inference Engine

C)

Resolution Refutation

D)

Inference Engine & Knowledge Base

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Inference Engine & Knowledge Base

Explanation : Look at the general architecture of rule based expert systems.

222 .

PXDES is medical expert system, for diagnosis of lung disease.

A)

True

B)

False

C)

Question Wrong

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : True

223 .

What are Semantic Networks?

A)

Data Type

B)

Data Structure

C)

A way of representing knowledge

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : A way of representing knowledge

224 .

There exists two way to infer using semantic networks.

A)

Inheritance Search

B)

Intersection Search

C)

True

D)

False

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Intersection Search

225 .

What is Holonymy relation?

A)

A is part of B

B)

A is a kind of B

C)

A is superordinate of B

D)

B has A as a part of itself

Correct Answer : Option (D) : B has A as a part of itself

Explanation :

Holonymy (in Greek holon = whole and onoma = name) is a semantic relation. Holonymy defines the relationship between a term denoting the whole and a term denoting a part of, or a member of, the whole. That is, ‘X’ is a holonym of ‘Y’ if Ys are parts of Xs, or ‘X’ is a holonym of ‘Y’ if Ys are members of Xs.

226 .

Graph used to represent semantic network is ________

A)

Directed graph

B)

Undirected graph

C)

Directed complete graph

D)

Directed Acyclic graph (DAG)

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Directed graph

Explanation : Semantic Network is a directed graph consisting of vertices, which represent concepts and edges, which represent semantic relations between the concepts.

227 .

What is Meronymy relation?

A)

A is part of B

B)

A is a kind of B

C)

A is superordinate of B

D)

B has A as a part of itself

Correct Answer : Option (A) : A is part of B

Explanation :

A meronym denotes a constituent part of or a member of something. That is, “X” is a meronym of “Y” if Xs are parts of Y(s), or “X” is a meronym of “Y” if Xs are members of Y(s).

228 .

Which of the following is an extension of the semantic network?

A)

Expert Systems

B)

Rule Based Expert Systems

C)

Partitioned Networks

D)

Decision Tree Based networks

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Partitioned Networks

229 .

What is Antonymy relation?

A)

A is part of B

B)

A denotes opposite of B

C)

A is superordinate of B

D)

B has A as a part of itself

Correct Answer : Option (B) : A denotes opposite of B

230 .

What among the following is/are the best example of semantic networks?

A)

MYSIN

B)

Human Food Chain

C)

Autonomous car driver

D)

Wordnet

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Wordnet

Explanation : Wordnet is a lexical database of English.

231 .

What is Synonymy relation?

A)

A is part of B

B)

A is a kind of B

C)

A is superordinate of B

D)

A denotes same as B

Correct Answer : Option (D) : A denotes same as B

232 .

What are the limitations of the semantic networks?

A)

Incomplete

B)

Intractability

C)

Has memory constraints

D)

Lack in expressing some of the properties

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Lack in expressing some of the properties

233 .

What is the frame?

A)

Data Type

B)

Data Structure

C)

A way of representing knowledge

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : A way of representing knowledge

234 .

Which of the following elements constitutes the frame structure?

A)

Facts or Data

B)

Frame names

C)

Frame reference in hierarchy

D)

Procedures and default values

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Facts or Data

235 .

How the buckets are stored in predicate indexing?

A)

Lists

B)

Hashes

C)

Stack

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Hashes

Explanation : The buckets can be stored in a hash table for efficient access.

236 .

How many functions are available in the unification and lifting process?

A)

5

B)

4

C)

3

D)

2

Correct Answer : Option (B) : 4

Explanation : The four functions are available in the unification and lifting process are tell, ask, store and fetch.

237 .

What is the process of capturing the inference process as a single inference rule?

A)

Ponens

B)

Clauses

C)

Variables

D)

Generalized Modus Ponens

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Generalized Modus Ponens

Explanation : All kinds of inference process can be captured as a single inference rule that can be called as Generalized modus ponens.

238 .

Which algorithm takes two sentences and returns a unifier?

A)

Inference

B)

Depth-first search

C)

Unify algorithm

D)

Hill-climbing search

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Unify algorithm

Explanation : The unify algorithm takes two sentences and returns a unifier if there is one in the sentence.

239 .

Which is unique up to renaming of variables?

A)

Most general unifier

B)

Unifier

C)

Unifier & Most general unifier

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Most general unifier

Explanation : For every unifiable pair of expressions, there is a single most general unifier that is unique up to renaming of variables.

240 .

Which makes the complexity of the entire algorithm quadratic in the size?

A)

Clause

B)

Inference

C)

Resolution

D)

Occur check

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Occur check

Explanation : Occur check makes the complexity of the entire algorithm quadratic in the size of the expressions being unified.

241 .

Where did all the facts are stored to implement store and fetch function?

A)

Datamart

B)

Database

C)

Knowledge base

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Knowledge base

Explanation : The simplest way to implement store and fetch functions is to keep all the facts in the knowledge base in one long list.

242 .

Which is a lifted version of modus ponens?

A)

Clauses

B)

Generalized modus ponens

C)

Inference

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Generalized modus ponens

Explanation : Generalized modus ponens is a lifted version of modus ponens because it raises modus ponens from propositional to first-order logic.

243 .

Uncertainty arises in the Wumpus world because the agent's sensors give only ________

A)

Partial & Global Information

B)

Partial & local Information

C)

Full & local information

D)

Full & Global information

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Partial & local Information

Explanation : The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each square can contain agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left corner, a square that will be labeled [1, 1]. The agent’s task is to find the gold, return to [1, 1] and climb out of the cave. Therefore, uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local information only. Global variable are not goal specific problem solving.

244 .

A plan that describe how to take actions in levels of increasing refinement and specificity is ________

A)

Planning

B)

Problem solving

C)

Non-hierarchical plan

D)

Hierarchical plan

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Hierarchical plan

Explanation : A plan that describes how to take actions in levels of increasing refinement and specificity is Hierarchical (e.g., “Do something” becomes the more specific “Go to work,” “Do work,” “Go home.”) Most plans are hierarchical in nature.

245 .

The process by which the brain incrementally orders actions needed to complete a specific task is referred as_________

A)

Partial order planning

B)

Planning problem

C)

Total order planning

D)

Both Planning problem & Partial order planning

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Partial order planning

246 .

Which of the following search belongs to totally ordered plan search?

A)

Breadth-first search

B)

Depth-first search

C)

Forward state-space search

D)

Hill-climbing search

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Forward state-space search

Explanation : Forward and backward state-space search are particular forms of totally ordered plan search.

247 .

Which strategy is used for delaying a choice during search?

A)

First commitment

B)

Least commitment

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Least commitment

Explanation : The general strategy of delaying a choice during search is called the least commitment strategy.

248 .

Which can be adapted for planning algorithms?

A)

Constrained

B)

Most-constrained literal

C)

Most-constrained variable

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Most-constrained variable

Explanation : The most-constrained variable heuristic from CSPs can be adapted for planning algorithm and seems to work well.

249 .

What are not present in finish actions?

A)

Effect

B)

Finish

C)

Preconditions

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Effect

Explanation : Finish has no effects and has as its preconditions the goal literals of the planning algorithm.

250 .

What are present in the empty plan?

A)

Start

B)

Finish

C)

Modest

D)

Both Start & Finish

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both Start & Finish

Explanation : The "empty" plan contains just the start and finish actions.

251 .

Which algorithm places two actions into a plan without specifying which should come first?

A)

Full-order planner

B)

Total-order planner

C)

Semi-order planner

D)

Partial-order planner

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Partial-order planner

Explanation : Any planning algorithm that can place two actions into a plan without specifying which should come first is called partial-order planner.

252 .

Which cannot be taken as advantage for totally ordered plan search?

A)

Composition

B)

State search

C)

Problem decomposition

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Problem decomposition

Explanation : As the search explore only linear sequences of actions, So they cannot take advantage of problem decomposition.

253 .

How many possible plans are available in partial-order solution?

A)

7

B)

6

C)

5

D)

4

Correct Answer : Option (B) : 6

Explanation : The partial-order solution corresponds to six possible total-order plans.

254 .

Which data structure is used to give better heuristic estimates?

A)

Planning graph algorithm

B)

Backward state-space

C)

Forwards state-space

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Planning graph algorithm

Explanation : A special data structure called planning graph is used to give better heuristic estimates.

255 .

What is called inconsistent support?

A)

Mutually exclusive

B)

If two literals are negation of other

C)

If two literals are not negation of other

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : If two literals are negation of other

Explanation : If two literals are at the same level if one is the negation of another is called inconsistent support.

256 .

When will further expansion is unnecessary for planning graph?

A)

Identical

B)

Replicate

C)

Not identical

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Identical

257 .

Which is used to extract solution directly from the planning graph?

A)

Planning algorithm

B)

Hill-climbing search

C)

Graphplan

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Graphplan

Explanation : We can extract the solution directly from the planning graph, using a specialized algorithm called Graphplan.

258 .

What are present in the planning graph?

A)

Literals

B)

Variables

C)

Heuristic estimates

D)

Sequence of levels

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Sequence of levels

259 .

Which kind of problem are suitable for planning graph?

A)

Action problem

B)

Planning problem

C)

Propositional planning problem

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Propositional planning problem

Explanation : Planning graph work only for propositional planning problem with no variables.

260 .

What is the starting level of planning graph?

A)

Level 0

B)

Level 1

C)

Level 2

D)

Level 3

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Level 0

261 .

The famous spare tire problem or Scheduling classes for bunch of students or Air cargo transport are the best example of ________

A)

Total order planning

B)

Planning problem

C)

Partial Order planning problem

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Planning problem

Explanation :

262 .

Incorrect information results in unsatisfied preconditions for actions and plans _________ detects violations of the preconditions for successful completion of the plan.

A)

Conditional Plan

B)

Execution monitoring

C)

Conformant Planning

D)

Both (a) and (b)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Execution monitoring

263 .

Standard planning algorithms assumes environment to be ______

A)

Stochastic

B)

Single agent

C)

Fully observable

D)

Deterministic

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Deterministic

Explanation : It assumes complete and correct information, deterministic and fully-observable environment, which many domains violates.

264 .

_________ algorithm translates a planning problem in to prepositional axioms.

A)

Greedy

B)

GraphPlan

C)

SatPlan

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : SatPlan

Explanation : The SATPLAN algorithm translates a planning problem into propositional axioms and applies a satisfiability algorithm to find a model that corresponds a valid plan.

265 .

__________ planning allows the agent to take advice from the domain designer in the form of decomposition rules.

A)

SatPlan

B)

GraphPlan

C)

Hierarchical task network (HTN)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Hierarchical task network (HTN)

266 .

What is the other name of each plan resulted in partial order planning?

A)

Linearization

B)

Solarization

C)

Polarization

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Linearization

Explanation : Each and every total order plan is also called as linearization of the partial-order plan.

267 .

To eliminate the inaccuracy problem in planning problem or partial order planning problem we can use _____________ data structure/s.

A)

Queue

B)

Planning Graphs

C)

Stacks

D)

BST (Binary Search Tree)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Planning Graphs

Explanation : A planning graph can be used to give better heuristic estimates.

268 .

What are the two major aspects which combines AI Planning problem?

A)

Knowledge Based Systems

B)

Logic & Knowledge Based Systems

C)

FOL & Logic

D)

Search & Logic

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Search & Logic

269 .

A Hybrid Bayesian network contains ________

A)

Only Discrete variables

B)

Only Discontinuous variable

C)

Both discrete and continuous variables

D)

Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Both discrete and continuous variables

Explanation : To specify a Hybrid network, we have to specify two new kinds of distributions: the conditional distribution for continuous variables given discrete or continuous parents, and the conditional distribution for a discrete variable given continuous parents.

270 .

How is Fuzzy Logic different from conventional control methods?

A)

DO Approach

B)

FOR Approach

C)

WHILE Approach

D)

IF and THEN Approach

Correct Answer : Option (D) : IF and THEN Approach

Explanation : FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a solving control problem rather than attempting to model a system mathematically.

271 .

Which is true for Decision theory?

A)

Decision Theory = Uncertainty + utility theory

B)

Decision Theory = Inference theory + utility theory

C)

Decision Theory = Probability theory + preference

D)

Decision Theory = Probability theory + utility theory

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Decision Theory = Uncertainty + utility theory

272 .

If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is negative, we call it ________

A)

A consistent hypothesis

B)

A false positive hypothesis

C)

A false negative hypothesis

D)

A specialized hypothesis

Correct Answer : Option (B) : A false positive hypothesis

Explanation : Consistent hypothesis go with examples, If the hypothesis says it should be negative but in fact it is positive, it is false negative. If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is negative, it is false positive. In a specialized hypothesis we need to have certain restrict or special conditions.

273 .

What is the extraction of the meaning of utterance?

A)

Semantic

B)

Syntactic

C)

Pragmatic

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Semantic

Explanation : Semantic analysis is used to extract the meaning from the group of sentences.

274 .

What is meant by compositional semantics?

A)

Semantics

B)

Logical connectives

C)

Determining the meaning

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Determining the meaning

Explanation : Compositional semantics is the process of determining the meaning of P*Q from P, Q and *.

275 .

What kind of interpretation is done by adding context-dependant information?

A)

Semantic

B)

Syntactic

C)

Pragmatic

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Pragmatic

276 .

Which is used to mediate between syntax and semantics?

A)

Form

B)

Grammer

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

Intermediate form

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Intermediate form

277 .

What can't be done in the semantic interpretation?

A)

Logical term

B)

Complete logical sentence

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Both (a) and (b)

278 .

How the distance between two shapes can be defined?

A)

Shape context

B)

Weighted sum of the shape

C)

Size of the shape

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Weighted sum of the shape

Explanation : The distance between two shapes can be defined as a weighted sum of the shape context distance between corresponding points.

279 .

Which object recognition process is an error-prone process?

A)

Bottom-up segmentation

B)

Top-down segmentation

C)

Both Bottom-up & Top-down segmentation

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Bottom-up segmentation

Explanation : In the process of creating subset of pixels, the bottom-up segmentation is an error-prone process.

280 .

What enables people to recognize people, animals and inanimate objects reliably?

A)

Hear

B)

Vision

C)

Speech

D)

Perception

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Vision

Explanation : Vision enables people to recognize people, animals and inanimate objects reliably. It is customary to use object recognition.

281 .

Which are recognized by vision?

A)

Motion

B)

Objects

C)

Activities

D)

Both Objects & Activities

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both Objects & Activities

Explanation : Vision is used to recognize not only objects, but also activities.

282 .

Which describes the coarse arrangement of the rest of the shape with respect to the point?

A)

Shape

B)

Context

C)

Shape context

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Shape context

Explanation : Because an object’s shape can be manipulated with respect to the point.

283 .

Which is the only way to learn about the different kinds of human faces?

A)

Speech

B)

Hearing

C)

Learning

D)

Perception

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Learning

284 .

Which provides a framework for studying object recognition?

A)

Supervised learning

B)

Unsupervised learning

C)

Learning

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Supervised learning

Explanation : Supervised learning or pattern classification provides a framework for studying object recognition.

285 .

Which can be deformed into alignment using simple coordinate transformations?

A)

Feature

B)

Matching

C)

Deformable matching

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Deformable matching

286 .

How many issues are available in describing degree of belief?

A)

1

B)

2

C)

3

D)

4

Correct Answer : Option (B) : 2

Explanation : The main issues for degree of belief are nature of the sentences and the dependance of degree of the belief.

287 .

Where does the degree of belief is applied?

A)

Literals

B)

Variables

C)

Statements

D)

Propositions

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Propositions

288 .

What is the basic element of a language?

A)

Random variable

B)

Literal

C)

Variable

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Random variable

Explanation : The basic element for a language is the random variable, which can be thought as a part of world and its status is initially unknown.

289 .

What is meant by probability density function?

A)

Discrete variable

B)

Continuous variable

C)

Probability distributions

D)

Probability distributions for Continuous variables

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Probability distributions for Continuous variables

290 .

Which is the complete specification of the state of the world?

A)

Simple event

B)

Complex event

C)

Atomic event

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Atomic event

Explanation : An atomic event is the complete specification of the state of the world about which the event is uncertain.

291 .

Which variable cannot be written in entire distribution as a table?

A)

Discrete

B)

Continuous

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Continuous

Explanation : For continuous variables, it is not possible to write out the entire distribution as a table.

292 .

How many terms are required for building a bayes model?

A)

1

B)

2

C)

3

D)

4

Correct Answer : Option (C) : 3

Explanation : The three required terms are a conditional probability and two unconditional probability.

293 .

How the entries in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated?

A)

Using information

B)

Using variables

C)

Both Using variables & information

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Using information

Explanation : Every entry in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated from the information in the network.

294 .

What is the consequence between a node and its predecessors while creating bayesian network?

A)

Conditionally independent

B)

Dependant

C)

Functionally dependent

D)

Both Conditionally dependant & Dependant

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Conditionally independent

Explanation : The semantics to derive a method for constructing bayesian networks were led to the consequence that a node can be conditionally independent of its predecessors.

295 .

To which does the local structure is associated?

A)

Hybrid

B)

Linear

C)

Dependant

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Linear

Explanation : Local structure is usually associated with linear rather than exponential growth in complexity.

296 .

How the bayesian network can be used to answer any query?

A)

Full distribution

B)

Partial distribution

C)

Joint distribution

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Joint distribution

Explanation : If a bayesian network is a representation of the joint distribution, then it can solve any query, by summing all the relevant joint entries.

297 .

What is needed to make probabilistic systems feasible in the world?

A)

Feasibility

B)

Reliability

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

Crucial robustness

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Crucial robustness

Explanation : On a model-based knowledge provides the crucial robustness needed to make probabilistic system feasible in the real world.

298 .

What is the form of Fuzzy logic?

A)

Binary set logic

B)

Crisp set logic

C)

Two-valued logic

D)

Many-valued logic

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Many-valued logic

Explanation : With fuzzy logic set membership is defined by certain value. Hence it could have many values to be in the set.

299 .

The room temperature is hot. Here the hot (use of linguistic variable is used) can be represented by _______

A)

Fuzzy Set

B)

Crisp Set

C)

Fuzzy & Crisp Set

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Fuzzy Set

Explanation : Fuzzy logic deals with linguistic variables.

300 .

Fuzzy Set theory defines fuzzy operators. Choose the fuzzy operators from the following.

A)

AND

B)

OR

C)

NOT

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : The AND, OR, and NOT operators of Boolean logic exist in fuzzy logic, usually defined as the minimum, maximum, and complement;

301 .

Fuzzy logic is usually represented as ________

A)

IF-THEN rules

B)

IF-THEN-ELSE rules

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : IF-THEN rules

302 .

_________ are algorithms that learn from their more complex environments (hence eco) to generalize, approximate and simplify solution logic.

A)

Ecorithms

B)

Fuzzy Set

C)

Fuzzy Relational DB

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Fuzzy Set

Explanation : Local structure is usually associated with linear rather than exponential growth in complexity.

303 .

There are also other operators, more linguistic in nature, called __________ that can be applied to fuzzy set theory.

A)

Fuzz Variable

B)

Lingual Variable

C)

Hedges

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Hedges

304 .

The values of the set membership is represented by ________

A)

Probabilities

B)

Degree of truth

C)

Discrete Set

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Degree of truth

305 .

Which algorithm is used for solving temporal probabilistic reasoning?

A)

Breadth-first search

B)

Depth-first search

C)

Hill-climbing search

D)

Hidden markov model

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Hidden markov model

Explanation : Hidden Markov model is used for solving temporal probabilistic reasoning that was independent of transition and sensor model.

306 .

What are the possible values of the variable?

A)

Possible states of the world

B)

Literals

C)

Variables

D)

Discrete variable

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Possible states of the world

Explanation : The possible values of the variables are the possible states of the world.

307 .

Where does the additional variables are added in HMM?

A)

Reality model

B)

Probability model

C)

Temporal model

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Temporal model

Explanation : Additional state variables can be added to a temporal model while staying within the HMM framework.

308 .

Which allows for a simple and matrix implementation of all the basic algorithm?

A)

HMM

B)

Reality model

C)

Temporary model

D)

Restricted structure of HMM

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Restricted structure of HMM

Explanation : Restricted structure of HMM allows for a very simple and elegant matrix implementation of all the basic algorithm.

309 .

Which suggests the existence of an efficient recursive algorithm for online smoothing?

A)

Matrix

B)

Constant space

C)

Constant time

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Constant space

310 .

Which algorithm works by first running the standard forward pass to compute?

A)

HMM

B)

Smoothing

C)

Modified smoothing

D)

Depth-first search algorithm

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Modified smoothing

Explanation : The modified smoothing algorithm works by first running the standard forward pass to compute and then running the backward pass.

311 .

Where does the Hidden Markov Model is used?

A)

Speech recognition

B)

Understanding of real world

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Speech recognition

312 .

An AI system developed by Daniel Bobrow to read and solve algebra word problems.

A)

SIMD

B)

BACON

C)

SHRDLU

D)

STUDENT

Correct Answer : Option (D) : STUDENT

313 .

MCC is investigating the improvement of the relationship between people and computers through a technology called ______

A)

human factors

B)

parallel processing

C)

computer-aided design

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : human factors

314 .

In his landmark book Cybernetics, Norbert Wiener suggested a way of modeling scientific phenomena using not energy, but _________

A)

history

B)

information

C)

intelligence

D)

mathematics

Correct Answer : Option (B) : information

315 .

Which of the following applications include in the Strategic Computing Program?

A)

pilot's associate

B)

battle management

C)

autonomous systems

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

316 .

The "Turing Machine" showed that you could use a/an _____ system to program any algorithmic task.

A)

binary

B)

recursive

C)

semantic

D)

electro-chemical

Correct Answer : Option (A) : binary

317 .

What will take place as the agent observes its interactions with the world?

A)

Hearing

B)

Speech

C)

Learning

D)

Perceiving

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Learning

318 .

What is used in determining the nature of the learning problem?

A)

Problem

B)

Feedback

C)

Environment

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Feedback

Explanation : The type of feedback is used in determining the nature of the learning problem that the agent faces.

319 .

Which is used for utility functions in game playing algorithm?

A)

Polynomial

B)

Linear polynomial

C)

Weighted polynomial

D)

Linear weighted polynomial

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Linear weighted polynomial

Explanation : Linear weighted polynomial is used for learning element in the game playing programs.

320 .

How the decision tree reaches its decision?

A)

Single test

B)

Two test

C)

No test

D)

Sequence of test

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Sequence of test

321 .

Which modifies the performance element so that it makes better decision?

A)

Learning element

B)

Changing element

C)

Performance element

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Learning element

Explanation : A learning element modifies the performance element so that it can make better decision.

322 .

In which of the following learning the teacher returns reward and punishment to learner?

A)

Active learning

B)

Supervised learning

C)

Reinforcement learning

D)

Unsupervised learning

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Reinforcement learning

Explanation : Reinforcement learning is the type of learning in which teacher returns reward or punishment to learner.

323 .

Which of the following is also called as exploratory learning?

A)

Active learning

B)

Unsupervised learning

C)

Supervised learning

D)

Reinforcement learning

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Unsupervised learning

Explanation : In unsupervised learning, no teacher is available hence it is also called unsupervised learning.

324 .

Which of the following is not an application of learning?

A)

WWW

B)

Data mining

C)

Speech Recognition

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : None of the above

325 .

Automated vehicle is an example of ______

A)

Active learning

B)

Supervised learning

C)

Unsupervised learning

D)

Reinforcement learning

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Supervised learning

Explanation : In automatic vehicle set of vision inputs and corresponding actions are available to learner hence it’s an example of supervised learning.

326 .

Factors which affect the performance of learner system does not include?

A)

Training scenario

B)

Type of feedback

C)

Representation scheme used

D)

Good data structures

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Good data structures

Explanation : Factors which affect the performance of learner system does not include good data structures.

327 .

Which of the following does not include different learning methods?

A)

Introduction

B)

Analogy

C)

Deduction

D)

Memorization

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Introduction

Explanation : Different learning methods include memorization, analogy and deduction.

328 .

Which is not a desirable property of a logical rule-based system?

A)

Locality

B)

Detachment

C)

Attachment

D)

Truth-Functionality

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Attachment

329 .

In an Unsupervised learning ________

A)

Specific output values are given

B)

Specific output values are not given

C)

No specific Inputs are given

D)

Both inputs and outputs are given

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Specific output values are not given

Explanation : The problem of unsupervised learning involves learning patterns in the input when no specific output values are supplied. We cannot expect the specific output to test your result. Here the agent does not know what to do, as he is not aware of the fact what propose system will come out. We can say an ambiguous un-proposed situation.

330 .

Which of the following statement is true?

A)

All formal languages are Context free

B)

All formal languages are like natural language

C)

Natural languages are context-oriented free

D)

Not all formal languages are context-free

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Not all formal languages are context-free

Explanation : Not all formal languages are context-free.

331 .

A perceptron is a _________

A)

Backtracking algorithm

B)

Backpropagation algorithm

C)

Feed-forward neural network

D)

Feed Forward-backward algorithm

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Feed-forward neural network

Explanation : A perceptron is a Feed-forward neural network with no hidden units that can be representing only linear separable functions. If the data are linearly separable, a simple weight updated rule can be used to fit the data exactly.

332 .

Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity of ________

A)

Inductive learning

B)

Weak learning

C)

Forced based learning

D)

Unsupervised Learning

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Inductive learning

Explanation : Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity of inductive learning. There is a tradeoff between the expressiveness of the hypothesis language and the ease of learning.

333 .

Neural Networks are complex ______________with many parameters.

A)

Nonlinear Functions

B)

Linear Functions

C)

Discrete Functions

D)

Exponential Functions

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Nonlinear Functions

Explanation : Neural networks parameters can be learned from noisy data and they have been used for thousands of applications, so it varies from problem to problem and thus use nonlinear functions.

334 .

Inductive learning involves finding a _______

A)

Regular Hypothesis

B)

Consistent Hypothesis

C)

Irregular Hypothesis

D)

Inconsistent Hypothesis

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Consistent Hypothesis

Explanation : Inductive learning involves finding a consistent hypothesis that agrees with examples. The difficulty of the task depends on the chosen representation.

335 .

What is perceptron?

A)

an auto-associative neural network

B)

a neural network that contains feedback

C)

a double layer auto-associative neural network

D)

a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing

Correct Answer : Option (D) : a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing

Explanation : The perceptron is a single layer feed-forward neural network. It is not an auto-associative network because it has no feedback and is not a multiple layer neural network because the pre-processing stage is not made of neurons.

336 .

What is an auto-associative network?

A)

a neural network that has only one loop

B)

a neural network that contains no loops

C)

a neural network that contains feedback

D)

a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing

Correct Answer : Option (C) : a neural network that contains feedback

Explanation : An auto-associative network is equivalent to a neural network that contains feedback. The number of feedback paths(loops) does not have to be one.

337 .

Which is true for neural networks?

A)

It has set of nodes and connections

B)

Each node computes itâ€™s weighted input

C)

Node could be in excited state or non-excited state

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

338 .

What is Neuro software?

A)

It is powerful and easy neural network

B)

It is software used by Neurosurgeon

C)

A software used to analyze neurons

D)

Designed to aid experts in real world

Correct Answer : Option (A) : It is powerful and easy neural network

339 .

Why is the XOR problem exceptionally interesting to neural network researchers?

A)

Because it can be solved by a single layer perceptron

B)

Because it is the simplest linearly inseparable problem that exists.

C)

Because it can be expressed in a way that allows you to use a neural network

D)

Because it is complex binary operation that cannot be solved using neural networks

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Because it is the simplest linearly inseparable problem that exists.

340 .

Which of the following is not the promise of artificial neural network?

A)

It can handle noise

B)

It can explain result

C)

It has inherent parallelism

D)

It can survive the failure of some nodes

Correct Answer : Option (B) : It can explain result

Explanation : The artificial Neural Network (ANN) cannot explain result.

341 .

Which of the following is an application of NN (Neural Network)?

A)

Data validation

B)

Sales forecasting

C)

Risk management

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : All mentioned options are applications of Neural Network.

342 .

The network that involves backward links from output to the input and hidden layers is called ______

A)

Perceptrons

B)

Self organizing maps

C)

Recurrent neural network

D)

Multi layered perceptron

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Recurrent neural network

Explanation : RNN (Recurrent neural network) topology involves backward links from output to the input and hidden layers.

343 .

Neural Networks are complex ___________ with many parameters.

A)

Linear Functions

B)

Discrete Functions

C)

Nonlinear Functions

D)

Exponential Functions

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Linear Functions

Explanation : Neural networks are complex linear functions with many parameters.

344 .

A _________ is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility.

A)

Trees

B)

Graphs

C)

Decision tree

D)

Neural Networks

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Decision tree

345 .

Choose from the following that are Decision Tree nodes?

A)

End Nodes

B)

Decision Nodes

C)

Chance Nodes

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

346 .

End Nodes are represented by ______

A)

Disks

B)

Triangles

C)

Circles

D)

Squares

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Triangles

347 .

Decision Nodes are represented by _______

A)

Disks

B)

Triangles

C)

Circles

D)

Squares

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Squares

348 .

Chance Nodes are represented by _______

A)

Disks

B)

Triangles

C)

Circles

D)

Squares

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Circles

349 .

Which combines inductive methods with the power of first-order representations?

A)

Inductive logic programming

B)

Lisp programming

C)

Logic programming

D)

Inductive programming

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Inductive Logic Programming

Explanation : Inductive logic programming(ILP) combines inductive methods with the power of first-order representations.

350 .

Which cannot be represented by a set of attributes?

A)

Three-dimensional configuration of a protein molecule

B)

Agents

C)

Program

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Three-dimensional configuration of a protein molecule

351 .

Which approach is used for refining a very general rule through ILP?

A)

Bottom-up approach

B)

Top-down approach

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Top-down approach

352 .

Which inverts a complete resolution strategy?

A)

Trilogy

B)

Resolution

C)

Program

D)

Inverse resolution

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Inverse resolution

Explanation : Because it is a complete algorithm for learning first-order theories.

353 .

Which method canâ€™t be used for expressing relational knowledge?

A)

Literal system

B)

Variable-based system

C)

Attribute-based system

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Attribute-based system

Explanation : ILP methods can learn relational knowledge that is not expressible in attribute-based system.

354 .

Which produces hypotheses that are easy to read for humans?

A)

ILP

B)

First-order logic

C)

Propositional logic

D)

Artificial Intelligence

Correct Answer : Option (A) : ILP

Explanation : Because ILP can participate in the scientific cycle of experimentation, So that it can produce flexible structure.

355 .

What is the complex system of structured message?

A)

Signs

B)

Words

C)

Languages

D)

Speech

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Languages

Explanation : Language is the complex system of structured message that enables us to communicate.

356 .

What is defined by a set of strings?

A)

Signs

B)

Formal language

C)

Communication

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Formal language

Explanation : A formal language is defined by a set of strings that is a concatenation of terminal symbols.

357 .

Semantic grammars are ______

A)

Decode syntactic information into a semantic grammar

B)

Decode semantic information into a syntactic grammar

C)

Encode syntactic information into a semantic grammar

D)

Encode semantic information into a syntactic grammar

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Encode semantic information into a syntactic grammar

Explanation : Semantic grammars encode semantic information into a syntactic grammar.

358 .

Why the parsing is used?

A)

Recognition

B)

Interpretation

C)

Building a parse tree

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Building a parse tree

Explanation : Parsing is the process of building a parse tree for an input string.

359 .

What is a finite set of rules that specifies a language?

A)

Grammar

B)

Signs

C)

Phrase

D)

Communication

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Grammar

360 .

The process by which you become aware of messages through your sense is called _______

A)

Perception

B)

Sensation

C)

Organization

D)

Interpretation-Evaluation

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Perception

361 .

Susan is so beautiful; I bet she is smart too. This is an example of _______

A)

The primary effect

B)

The halo effect

C)

The recency effect

D)

A self-fulfilling prophecy

Correct Answer : Option (B) : The halo effect

362 .

When you get fired from your job and you determine it is because your boss dislikes you, you are most likely exhibiting?

A)

Over-attribution

B)

Self-promotion

C)

Self-serving bias

D)

Fundamental attribution error

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Self-serving bias

363 .

What is Mindless processing?

A)

careful, critical thinking

B)

inaccurate and faulty processing

C)

processing that focuses on unusual or novel events

D)

information processing that relies heavily on familiar schemata

Correct Answer : Option (D) : information processing that relies heavily on familiar schemata

364 .

Which of the following strategies would NOT be effective at improving your communication competence?

A)

Be active in perceiving

B)

Distinguish facts from inference

C)

Recognize that each personâ€™s frame of perception is unique

D)

Recognize the people, objects, and situations remain stable over time

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Recognize the people, objects, and situations remain stable over time

365 .

_______ prevents you from seeing an individual as an individual rather than as a member of a group.

A)

Schematas

B)

Stereotypes

C)

Attributions

D)

Cultural mores

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Schematas

366 .

What is the dominant modality for communication between humans?

A)

Smell

B)

Speech

C)

Hear

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Speech

Explanation : Speech is the dominant modality for communication between humans and reliable speech recognition between machines.

367 .

Which are partially captured by triphone model?

A)

Articulation effects

B)

Coarticulation effects

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Coarticulation effects

Explanation : Coarticulation effects are partially captured by triphone model, which can be manipulated by acoustic model.

368 .

Which is used to capture the internal structure of the phones?

A)

One-state phone model

B)

Two-state phone model

C)

Three-state phone mone

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Three-state phone mone

369 .

What is the study of how the language sounds?

A)

Trilogy

B)

Biology

C)

Speechology

D)

Phonology

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Phonology

370 .

What is viewed as problem of probabilistic inference?

A)

Hearing

B)

Speaking

C)

Utterance

D)

Speech recognition

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Speech recognition

Explanation : Speech recognition is viewed as problem of probabilistic inference because different words can sound the same.

371 .

Which model gives the probability of each word following each other word?

A)

Bigram model

B)

Gram model

C)

Speech model

D)

Diagram model

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Bigram model

Explanation : Bigram model gives the probability of each word following each other word in speech recognition.

372 .

What is called as the properties of the signal that extend over interval?

A)

Rate

B)

Frames

C)

Hops

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Frames

Explanation : Speech system summarize the properties of the signal that extend over interval called frames.

373 .

Which provides agents with information about the world they inhabit?

A)

Sense

B)

Hearing

C)

Perception

D)

Reading

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Perception

Explanation : Perception provides agents with information about the world they inhabit.

374 .

What is the study of light?

A)

Biology

B)

Lightology

C)

Photometry

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Photometry

375 .

What is meant by predicting the value of a state variable from the past?

A)

Smoothing

B)

Gaussian filter

C)

Diffuse reflection

D)

Specular reflection

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Smoothing

Explanation : Smoothing meant predicting the value of a state variable from the past and by given evidence and calculating the present and future.

376 .

Which is meant by assuming any two neighboring that are both edge pixels with consistent orientation?

A)

Smoothing

B)

Perception

C)

Segmentation

D)

Canny edge detection

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Canny edge detection

Explanation : Canny edge detection is assuming any two neighboring that are both edge pixels with consistent orientation and must belong to the same edge.

377 .

How many types of 3-D image processing techniques are there in image perception?

A)

2

B)

3

C)

4

D)

5

Correct Answer : Option (D) : 5

Explanation : The five types of 3-D image processing techniques are motion, binocular stereopsis, texture, shading and contour.

378 .

How to increase the brightness of the pixel?

A)

Surface

B)

Amount of light

C)

Sound

D)

Waves

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Amount of light

Explanation : The brightness of a pixel in the image is proportional to the amount of light directed towards the camera.

379 .

What is the name for information sent from robot sensors to robot controllers?

A)

signal

B)

pressure

C)

feedback

D)

temperature

Correct Answer : Option (C) : feedback

380 .

Decision support programs are designed to help managers make ______

A)

business decisions

B)

budget projections

C)

vacation schedules

D)

visual presentations

Correct Answer : Option (A) : business decisions

381 .

Which of the basic parts of a robot unit would include the computer circuitry that could be programmed to determine what the robot would do?

A)

arm

B)

sensor

C)

controller

D)

end effector

Correct Answer : Option (C) : controller

382 .

Which of the following places would be LEAST likely to include operational robots?

A)

factory

B)

hospitals

C)

warehouse

D)

private homes

Correct Answer : Option (D) : private homes

383 .

Which of the following terms IS NOT one of the five basic parts of a robot?

A)

drive

B)

controller

C)

end effectors

D)

peripheral tools

Correct Answer : Option (D) : peripheral tools

384 .

Which of the following terms refers to the rotational motion of a robot arm?

A)

axle

B)

roll

C)

swivel

D)

retrograde

Correct Answer : Option (B) : roll

385 .

What is the name for space inside which a robot unit operates?

A)

work envelope

B)

spatial base

C)

environment

D)

exclusion zone

Correct Answer : Option (A) : work envelope

386 .

The number of moveable joints in the base, the arm, and the end effectors of the robot determines_______

A)

flexibility

B)

payload capacity

C)

degrees of freedom

D)

operational limits

Correct Answer : Option (C) : degrees of freedom

387 .

Which of the following terms refers to the use of compressed gasses to drive (power) the robot device?

A)

hydraulic

B)

piezoelectric

C)

pneumatic

D)

photosensitive

Correct Answer : Option (C) : pneumatic

388 .

Which of the following IS NOT one of the advantages associated with a robotics implementation program?

A)

Robots work continuously around the clock

B)

Quality of manufactured goods can be improved

C)

Reduced company cost for worker fringe benefits

D)

Low costs for hardware and software

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Low costs for hardware and software

389 .

The original LISP machines produced by both LMI and Symbolics were based on research performed at ________

A)

CMU

B)

MIT

C)

RAMD

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : MIT

390 .

Which of the following "laws" is Asimov's first and most important law of robotics?

A)

robots must make business a greater profit

B)

robots must follow the directions given by humans

C)

robot actions must never result in damage to the robot

D)

robots must never take actions harmful to humans

Correct Answer : Option (D) : robots must never take actions harmful to humans

391 .

One of the leading American robotics centers is the Robotics Institute located at?

A)

CMU

B)

MIT

C)

SRI

D)

RAND

Correct Answer : Option (A) : CMU

392 .

In a rule-based system, procedural domain knowledge is in the form of _________

A)

meta-rules

B)

control rules

C)

production rules

D)

rule interpreters

Correct Answer : Option (C) : production rules

393 .

What is the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP)?

A)

Linguistics

B)

Computer Science

C)

Artificial Intelligence

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

394 .

Choose form the following areas where NLP can be useful.

A)

Information Retrieval

B)

Automatic Text Summarization

C)

Automatic Question-Answering Systems

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

395 .

What is Machine Translation?

A)

Converts any human language to English

B)

Converts one human language to another

C)

Converts human language to machine language

D)

Converts Machine language to human language

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Converts one human language to another

Explanation : The best known example of machine translation is google translator.

396 .

What is Morphological Segmentation?

A)

Separate words into individual morphemes and identify the class of the morphemes

B)

Does Discourse Analysis

C)

Is an extension of propositional logic

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Separate words into individual morphemes and identify the class of the morphemes

397 .

What is the main challenge's of NLP?

A)

Handling POS-Tagging

B)

Handling Tokenization

C)

Handling Ambiguity of Sentences

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Handling Ambiguity of Sentences

398 .

Parts-of-Speech tagging determines ________

A)

part-of-speech for each word dynamically as per sentence structure

B)

part-of-speech for each word dynamically as per meaning of the sentence

C)

all part-of-speech for a specific word given as input

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

Explanation : A Bayesian network provides a complete description of the domain.

399 .

Many words have more than one meaning; we have to select the meaning which makes the most sense in context. This can be resolved by _______

A)

Fuzzy Logic

B)

Shallow Semantic Analysis

C)

Word Sense Disambiguation

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Word Sense Disambiguation

Explanation : Shallow Semantic Analysis doesn’t cover word sense disambiguation.

400 .

In linguistic morphology _______ is the process for reducing inflected words to their root form.

A)

Rooting

B)

Stemming

C)

Text-Proofing

D)

Both (a) and (b)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Stemming

401 .

Prior to the invention of time-sharing, the prevalent method of computer access was ________

A)

batch processing

B)

remote access

C)

telecommunication

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : batch processing

402 .

Seymour Papert of the MIT AI lab created a programming environment for children called __________

A)

LOGO

B)

BASIC

C)

MYCIN

D)

FORTRAN

Correct Answer : Option (A) : LOGO

403 .

In LISP, the function returns t if is a CONS cell and nil otherwise ________

A)

(eq)

B)

(cons)

C)

(cous =)

D)

(consp)

Correct Answer : Option (D) : (consp)

404 .

If a robot can alter its own trajectory in response to external conditions, it is considered to be __________

A)

mobile

B)

open loop

C)

intelligent

D)

non-servo

Correct Answer : Option (C) : intelligent

405 .

In LISP, what is the function assigns the symbol x to y?

A)

(setq y x)

B)

(setq y â€˜xâ€™)

C)

(set y = â€˜xâ€™)

D)

(setq y = â€˜xâ€™)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : (setq y â€˜xâ€™)

406 .

In a rule-based system, what is the form of procedural domain knowledge?

A)

meta-rules

B)

production rules

C)

control rules

D)

rule interpreters

Correct Answer : Option (B) : production rules

407 .

In LISP, which of the following function assigns the value 10 to the symbol a?

A)

(setq a 10)

B)

(a = b) where b = 10

C)

(a = 10) (d) (setq 10 a)

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : (setq a 10)

408 .

The expert system developed at MIT to solve mathematical problems is known as __________

A)

ISIS

B)

RAND

C)

MOLGEN

D)

MACSYMA

Correct Answer : Option (D) : MACSYMA

409 .

Which approach to speech recognition avoids the problem caused by the differences in the way words are pronounced according to context?

A)

isolated word recognition

B)

connected word recognition

C)

continuous speech recognition

D)

speaker-dependent recognition

Correct Answer : Option (A) : isolated word recognition

410 .

In AI programming, a list may contain _______

A)

cells

B)

fields

C)

pointers

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (D) : All of the above

411 .

If the English Philosopher Thomas Hobbes could be called 'grandfather' of artificial intelligence, then who could be called its father?

A)

Allen Newell

B)

A.M. Turning

C)

John McCarthy

D)

Herbert Simon

Correct Answer : Option (B) : A.M. Turning

412 .

Special programs that assist programmers are called _________

A)

heuristic processors

B)

program recognizers

C)

intelligent programming tools

D)

symbolic programmers

Correct Answer : Option (C) : intelligent programming tools

413 .

LISP machines also are known as _________

A)

Super mini computers

B)

Time-sharing terminals

C)

AI workstations

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : AI workstations

414 .

The characteristics of the computer system capable of thinking, reasoning and learning are known as________

A)

artificial intelligence

B)

human intelligence

C)

virtual intelligence

D)

machine intelligence

Correct Answer : Option (A) : artificial intelligence

415 .

For speech understanding systems to gain widespread acceptance in office automation, they must feature ________

A)

speaker dependence

B)

speaker independence

C)

isolated word recognition

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (B) : speaker independence

416 .

The area of AI that investigates methods of facilitating communication between people and computers is _________

A)

robotics

B)

decision support

C)

symbolic processing

D)

natural language processing

Correct Answer : Option (D) : natural language processing

417 .

What is a Cybernetics?

A)

Study of Boolean values

B)

Study of communication between two humans

C)

Study of communication between two machines

D)

Study of communication between human and machine

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Study of communication between human and machine

Explanation : Cybernetics is Study of communication between human and machine.

418 .

Which is true regarding BFS (Breadth First Search)?

A)

BFS is nothing but Binary First Search

B)

BFS will get trapped exploring a single path

C)

The entire tree so far been generated must be stored in BFS

D)

BFS is not guaranteed to find a solution if exists

Correct Answer : Option (C) : The entire tree so far been generated must be stored in BFS

Explanation : Regarding BFS-The entire tree so far been generated must be stored in BFS.

419 .

An algorithm A is admissible if _______

A)

It is guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists

B)

It guarantees to return more optimal solutions

C)

It returns more solutions, but not an optimal one

D)

It is not guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists

Correct Answer : Option (A) : It is guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists

420 .

The traveling salesman problem involves n cities with paths connecting the cities. The time taken for traversing through all the cities, without knowing in advance the length of a minimum tour, is _________

A)

O(n)

B)

O(n!)

C)

O(n2)

D)

O(n/2)

Correct Answer : Option (B) : O(n!)

Explanation : The traveling salesman problem involves n cities with paths connecting the cities. The time taken for traversing through all the cities, without knowing in advance the length of a minimum tour, is O(n!).

421 .

What is the goal of artificial intelligence?

A)

To extract scientific causes

B)

To solve artificial problems

C)

To solve real-world problems

D)

To explain various sorts of intelligence

Correct Answer : Option (D) : To explain various sorts of intelligence

Explanation : The scientific goal of artificial intelligence is to explain various sorts of intelligence.

422 .

An algorithm is complete if ____

A)

It has a loop

B)

It starts with a solution

C)

It does not terminate with a solution

D)

It terminates with a solution when one exists

Correct Answer : Option (D) : It terminates with a solution when one exists

423 .

Visual clues that are helpful in computer vision include __________

A)

color and motion

B)

depth and texture

C)

Both (a) and (b)

D)

height and weight

Correct Answer : Option (C) : color and motion

424 .

The company that grew out of research at the MIT AI lab is ________

A)

LMI

B)

Symbolics

C)

AI corp

D)

Both LMI & Symbolics

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Both LMI & Symbolics

425 .

The primary method that people use to sense their environment is _________

A)

writing

B)

seeing

C)

reading

D)

speaking

Correct Answer : Option (B) : seeing

426 .

The cray X-MP, IBM 3090 and connection machine can be characterized as ______

A)

SIMD

B)

SISD

C)

MIMD

D)

MISD

Correct Answer : Option (A) : SIMD

427 .

The hardware feature of LISP machines generally includes __________

A)

A mouse and specialized keyboard

B)

Large memory and high-speed processor

C)

Letter quality printers and eight-inch disk drives

D)

A mouse and specialized keyboard, Letter quality printers and eight-inch disk drives

Correct Answer : Option (D) : A mouse and specialized keyboard, Letter quality printers and eight-inch disk drives

428 .

How can you evaluate 1.25 + sqrt (144) in LISP?

A)

1.25+sqrt (1.44)

B)

(1.25+sqrt (1.44))

C)

(+1.25 sqrt (1.44)

D)

All of the above

Correct Answer : Option (C) : (+1.25 sqrt (1.44)

429 .

The generalized form of Bayesian network that represents and solve decision problems under uncertain knowledge is known as an?

A)

Influence diagram

B)

Directed Acyclic Graph

C)

Table of conditional probabilities

D)

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : Influence diagram

Explanation : The generalized form of Bayesian network that represents and solve decision problems under uncertain knowledge is known as an Influence diagram

430 .

Which of the following are used for modeling times series and sequences?

A)

Decision graphs

B)

Dynamic Bayesian networks

C)

Parameter tuning

D)

Value of information

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Dynamic Bayesian networks

Explanation : Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) are used for modeling times series and sequences.