Correct Answer : Vision requirements
Explanation : Vision requirements are one of the primary factor affecting overall crew station or cockpit design. Lift affects aerodynamics of the aircraft. Weight will affect lift requirements.
Correct Answer : To provide unobstructed runway vision
Explanation : A cockpit design is highly affected by pilot’s vision requirements. The Pilot must be able to view the runway when they are on final approach. Hence, to provide unobstructed runway vision nose of the a/c must slope away from the eye of pilot.
Correct Answer : Cockpit is always located directly above the wing
Explaination : Cockpit is not always located at the wing. Lofting is done to provide mathematical model of our aircraft. Conceptual design is the first phase of aircraft design process. In conceptual design we will be dealing with some fundamental principles of design of an aircraft.
Correct Answer : Size from 5th to 95th percentile for male pilots
Explaination : Typically, cockpit of an aircraft is designed for particular size range of pilot. A typical military aircraft has cockpit design which can accommodate 5th to 95th percentile of male pilots.
Correct Answer : typical fighter cockpit
Explaination : A typical fighter cockpit is shown in the diagram. The above diagram is representing a typical cockpit designed for 95th percentile pilot. Glider is type of aircraft. The empennage is tail section of aircraft. Wing layout is based on its planform shape.
Correct Answer : Smallest angle between pilot’s line of vision and the cockpit windscreen
Explanation : The transparency grazing angle is defined as the smallest angle between pilot’s line of vision and the cockpit windscreen. It is not same as the overnose angle. Seat reference point is defined as the point where seat pan meets back.
Correct Answer : improvement to withstand high- g loads
Explaination : Typically, seat back angle can vary from 12° to 40°. However, some more advanced studies consider seat back angle of up to 70-75 degrees. This is much higher seat back angle will improve pilot’s ability to withstand high g turns.
Correct Answer : Seat pan meets the back
Explanation : The point at where seat pan meets back is termed as seat reference point. It can be used to define fundamental terms in cockpit design. Legroom requirement, height etc. are using seat reference point as a reference.
Correct Answer : Pilot’s eye point
Explanation : Pilot’s eye point is used to define the overnose angle. Grazing angle, pilot’s head clearance is also defined by using pilot’s eye point. Seat reference point can be used to provide reference to legroom.
Correct Answer : pitch, headroom, aisle, etc
Explanation : Passenger cabin is defined by using number of factors such as pitch, headroom, aisle etc. Each factor will be used to determine cabin layout. Only pitch or headroom or only aisle cannot be used for layout.
Correct Answer : Distance from the back of one seat to the back of next respective seat
Explanation : Seat pitch is defined as the distance from the back of one seat to back of the next respective seat. Height of seat is defined from floor. By properly considering pitch of seat we can alter the number of seats in passenger cabin.
Correct Answer : Vertical distance from the floor to the roof cover seat
Explanation : Headroom is height measured from floor to roof over seat. Headroom is one of the fundamental factor which can affect overall layout of passenger cabin. A typical commercial economy class will include headroom of more than 60in.
Correct Answer : Passage between two rows
Explanation : Aisle is nothing but passage between 2 rows of seats. Aisle can be used to determine a typical number of seat rows in passenger compartment of the aircraft.
Correct Answer : 34 in
Explanation : External diameter D = Internal diameter d + 2* structural thickness tFor a small business jet typical value of t is 1in.Hence, D=d+2t = 32+2*1= 34in.
Correct Answer : pitch of seat
Explaination : Pitch of the seat or seat pitch is defined as the distance measured from back of one seat to the back of another seat. As shown in the figure, here distance is shown from back of one seat to back of another seat. Hence, the following diagram is illustrating the concept of Pitch of seat.
Correct Answer : headroom
Explaination : The term marked by ‘?’ is called headroom. Headroom is nothing but the vertical distance measured from floor to the roof over seat. Pitch of seat is used for legroom. Head clearance can be used to determine headroom requirements.
Correct Answer : 142in
Explanation : Given, external diameter D = 150in.Door jumbo jet, structural thickness t = 4in.Hence, internal diameter d is given by, d = D – 2*t = 150 – 2*4 = 142in.
Correct Answer : semisubmerged
Explaination : In an external system, weapons are located outside of the aircraft body such as at pylon etc. Semisubmerged type is shown in above diagram. Semisubmerged weapons are located partially outside and inside of fuselage as well. This is shown in above diagram.
Correct Answer : typical external weapon carriage
Explaination : As shown in the figure, a typical external weapon carriage type is shown. The above diagram is explaining some fundamental principles of an external weapon carriage. As shown in the figure, weapons are located at outside of the aircraft body; mostly below wings as shown.
Correct Answer : Conformal
Explanation : Weapon carriage is primarily consideration of military aircraft. Weapon carriage can be of many different types; one of them is conformal weapon carriage system. Tail dragger is landing gear arrangement.
Correct Answer : CG of aircraft
Explanation : Substantial portions of the total aircraft weight are weapons. Typically, weapons are placed near the CG of an aircraft. This would help to make aircraft less influenced by weapons for example, aircraft can perform pitch up when weapon is released and hence, by locating near CG, we can reduce such effects.
Correct Answer : Missile, gun, bombs, etc
Explanation : Weapon carriage is one of the important parameters in military aircraft. Traditional and typical weapons are guns, bombs, missiles etc. High lift device is used to generate a higher lift. Vortex generator will generate vortex.
Correct Answer : rail launch system
Explaination : Typically missile can be launched in two different ways. Above diagram is showing a typical rail launched mechanism. Rail launcher is typically mounted to the aircraft at either wingtip or a pylon.
Correct Answer : typical ejection launch
Explaination : In the above diagram a typical ejection launch mechanism for missile is shown. Missile is connected through some hooks which can quickly release the Missile from aircraft. Generally this system is used for larger missiles.
Correct Answer : conformal
Explaination : A typical conformal weapon carriage system is shown in the figure. As shown in the above diagram, weapons are mounted at the bottom of the fuselage. This reduces drag generated by weapons as compared to the external weapon carriage.
Correct Answer : internal weapon carriage
Explaination : An internal weapon carriage system is presented in the above diagram. As shown in the figure, weapons are located inside the aircraft itself. This helps to reduce the drag tremendously. Drag produced by internal weapon carriage is lowest among all 4 types of weapon carriage.
Correct Answer : Weapon RCS will tend to be none
Explanation : An internal weapon carriage system hides weapon from radar detection. This is due to fact that weapons are located inside the aircraft itself in an internal weapon carriage system. Conformal configuration has more RCS than internal weapon carriage system.
Correct Answer : rotary weapons bay
Explaination : Rotary weapons bay is a special type of internal weapon carriage system. A typical rotary weapons bay is shown in diagram. This arrangement can be used to launch all of the weapons through single door.
Correct Answer : Internal carriage
Explanation : External weapon carriage system is known to produce the highest drag. Conformal system reduces drag at some extent. Drag produced by semi submerged falls between conformal and internal. An internal weapon carriage system will provide least drag among all mentioned options.
Correct Answer : Indentation will increase structural weight in this type of weapon carriage
Explanation : Semisubmerged type of weapon carriage will reduce drag and have a lesser than of the external weapon carriage. Semisubmerged type will increase structural weight sure to indentations in aircraft.
Correct Answer : typical gun
Explaination : Gun is one of the most common and important weapons used in military aircraft. The above diagram is showing typical gun viewed from side. Gun should be located based on mission requirements. Ammunition container is typically located at aft end of the gun as shown.
Correct Answer : External carriage
Explanation : External weapon carriage system provides more flexibility to carry different weapons. This is one of the advantages of an external type weapon carriage.
Explanation : When weapons are mounted at bottom of fuselage then, it is termed as conformal type of weapon carriage. Drag produced by conformal is lower than external but higher than the internal weapon carriage system.
