Schema Migration is the process of modifying the database schema (structure) to match the requirements of a new system, application, or database version while ensuring that the existing data remains intact and functional. It involves changes to tables, columns, indexes, constraints, and relationships without losing or corrupting data.
* Database Upgrades – Moving from an older database version to a newer one (e.g., MySQL 5.7 → MySQL 8.0).
* Application Changes – Adapting the database when a software update modifies data structures.
* Cloud Migrations – Shifting from on-premises databases to cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud.
* Cross-Database Migration – Moving data between different databases (e.g., Oracle → PostgreSQL).
* Performance Optimization – Refining indexes, constraints, or partitions for better performance.