System Design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data flow for a system to meet specific requirements. It is widely used in software development, engineering, and product design to ensure that systems are scalable, maintainable, and efficient.
Key Aspects of System Design :
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Architecture Design :
- Choosing between Monolithic vs. Microservices architecture
- Using Layered, Event-driven, or Client-Server models
- Defining system components and their interactions
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Scalability & Performance :
- Load balancing
- Caching mechanisms (e.g., Redis, Memcached)
- Database sharding and replication
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Data Management :
- SQL vs. NoSQL databases
- Data consistency and partitioning
- Indexing and query optimization
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Availability & Reliability :
- Redundancy and failover strategies
- Distributed systems and CAP theorem
- Disaster recovery and backups
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Security Considerations :
- Authentication & Authorization (OAuth, JWT, etc.)
- Data encryption and hashing
- Secure API design
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Networking & Communication :
- REST vs. GraphQL vs. gRPC APIs
- WebSockets, Message Queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
- CDN (Content Delivery Network)
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Concurrency & Parallelism :
- Threading and multiprocessing
- Asynchronous processing
- Handling race conditions
Why is System Design Important?
* Ensures scalability for growing user demand
* Improves performance and response time
* Helps prevent system failures and downtime
* Enhances security and data integrity
* Enables maintainability and easier debugging.
