Siemens Interview Preparation and Recruitment Process


About Siemens


Siemens AG is a German multinational technology company headquartered in Munich, founded in 1847 by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske. It’s one of the world’s largest electronics and electrical engineering firms, operating in over 190 countries with around 300,000 employees as of recent data. In fiscal 2023, Siemens generated €77.8 billion in revenue and €8.5 billion in net income.

Siemens Interview Questions

Key Business Segments


Siemens focuses on electrification, automation, and digitalization, with core operations in:

* Industry: Automation systems, industrial controls, and software for manufacturing efficiency.

* Infrastructure: Smart building technologies, power distribution, and grid solutions.

* Transport: Rail and road mobility solutions, including trains (e.g., ICE, Velaro) and traffic management systems.

* Healthcare: Through Siemens Healthineers, a majority-owned subsidiary, it provides medical imaging, diagnostics, and digital health solutions.


Historical Highlights


* 1847: Founded as Telegraphen-Bau-Anstalt von Siemens & Halske to build telegraph systems.

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Late 19th Century: Expanded into dynamos, cables, telephones, and electric railways.

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1966: Formed through the merger of Siemens & Halske, Siemens-Schuckertwerke, and Siemens-Reiniger-Werke.

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20th Century: Grew into a global leader in electronics, acquiring companies like Nixdorf (1991) and Mentor Graphics (2016). Spun off its semiconductor unit into Infineon Technologies (1999) and integrated Siemens Gamesa into Siemens Energy for renewable energy focus.

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Controversies: Involved in bribery scandals, notably pre-1999 when bribes were tax-deductible in Germany, and a 2007 EU price-fixing fine of €396 million. Also faced criticism for supporting controversial projects like the Adani Carmichael coal mine (2019–2020).


Recent Developments


* Leadership: Roland Busch, President and CEO, received a five-year contract extension in 2023, reflecting strong performance.

* Innovation: Siemens invests heavily in R&D, holding numerous patents and advancing digital twins, AI, and the Industrial Metaverse.

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Sustainability: Siemens Energy and Siemens Gamesa focus on renewable energy, with projects like recyclable wind turbine blades and offshore wind farms (e.g., Fécamp in France).

* Tragedy: In April 2025, Agustin Escobar, CEO of Siemens Spain, died in a Hudson River helicopter crash with his family.


Critical Perspective


Siemens’ scale and technological prowess make it a cornerstone of global industry, but its history of ethical lapses, like bribery and labor issues during WWII, raises questions about corporate accountability. Its pivot to sustainability feels pragmatic, driven by market trends, yet its involvement in controversial projects shows it’s not above prioritizing profit. The company’s ability to innovate is undeniable, but its size and influence demand scrutiny to ensure it serves society beyond its bottom line.



Siemens Recruitment Process


The Siemens recruitment process typically follows a structured approach designed to assess both technical and behavioral competencies. While specific steps may vary slightly depending on the role, location, and department, the general process includes:


1. Online Application

  • Candidates apply via the Siemens careers portal or through job boards.

  • A resume, cover letter, and sometimes academic transcripts are required.

  • Applications are screened by HR or an automated applicant tracking system (ATS).



2. Online Assessments (if applicable)

  • Aptitude Tests: Numerical, logical, and verbal reasoning.

  • Situational Judgment Tests (SJT): Assesses decision-making and behavior in work scenarios.

  • Technical Assessments: Role-specific (e.g., coding test for software roles).



3. Technical/HR Interview Rounds

  • First Round:

    • Technical interview with a domain expert. (The basic questions start with C/C++ principles. Your projects can be discussed here. Apart from it DSA and algorithms is the main part of this interview and questions related to these are asked in the interview.)

    • Focuses on core subject knowledge, past projects, and problem-solving skills.

    • For software roles: May include coding tasks or whiteboard problems.

  • Second Round (if applicable):

    • Could be another technical or managerial round.

    • Behavioral and situational questions may be included.



4. HR Interview

  • Discussion around:

    • Career aspirations.

    • Salary expectations.

    • Work culture fit.

    • Relocation and notice period.


5. Offer & Onboarding

  • Successful candidates receive an offer letter.

  • Background verification and onboarding documentation follow.


Siemens Interview Questions :

1 .
What is linked list and What are the types of linked list?
A linked list is a linear data structure, in which the elements are not stored at contiguous memory locations. The elements in a linked list are linked using pointers.

Types Of Linked List:

* Singly Linked List: It is the simplest type of linked list in which every node contains some data and a pointer to the next node of the same data type.

* Doubly Linked List:
A doubly linked list or a two-way linked list is a more complex type of linked list that contains a pointer to the next as well as the previous node in sequence.

* Circular Linked List: A circular linked list is that in which the last node contains the pointer to the first node of the list.

* Doubly Circular linked list: A Doubly Circular linked list or a circular two-way linked list is a more complex type of linked list that contains a pointer to the next as well as the previous node in the sequence.
2 .
What is a Kernel in Operating System and What are the types of Kernel ?
Kernel is central component of an operating system that manages operations of computer and hardware. It basically manages operations of memory and CPU time. It is core component of an operating system.
3 .
What is a Pointer in C?
A pointer is defined as a derived data type that can store the address of other C variables or a memory location. We can access and manipulate the data stored in that memory location using pointers.
4 .
What's the difference between a Web application and a Website?
Web Application Website
The web application is designed for interaction with end users. The website basically contains static content.
The user of the web application can read the content of the web application and also manipulate the data. The user of the website only can read the content of the website but not manipulate it.
The web application site should be pre-compiled before deployment. The website does not need to be pre-compiled.
The function of a web application is quite complex. The function of the website is simple.
A web application is interactive for users. A web site is not interactive for users.
5 .
What is a parent/child selector?
It is a jQuery Selector used to select all elements that are the direct child of its parent element.

Syntax:
("parent > child")​

Parameter Values:

* parent: Using this, the parent element will be selected.

* child: Using this, the direct child element of the specified parent element will be selected.
6 .
What is the difference between an array and a hash table?
Arrays and Hash Tables are two of the most widely used data structures in computer science, both serving as efficient solutions for storing and accessing data in Java. They have different storage structures and time complexities, making them suitable for different use cases. In this article, we will explore the differences between arrays and hash tables in terms of storage structure and access time complexity in Java.

Operations: Array Time Complexity Hash Table (HashMap) Time Complexity
Index Access 
 
O(1) (Constant) N/A
Key Access N/A O(1) Average, O(n) Worst Case
Lookup O(n) (Linear) O(1) Average, O(n) Worst Case
Search O(n) (Linear) O(n) Worst Case
Insertion O(n) (Linear) O(1) Average, O(n) Worst Case
Deletion O(n) (Linear) O(1) Average, O(n) Worst Case
7 .
What is a Linux Kernel ?
Linux operating System also consists of various components for example system libraries, user-space utilities, Linux kernel, and applications. The kernel is the core component of an operating system. This provides a platform for programs and various services to run on top of it. The Linux kernel is modifiable according to the user’s needs. Overall, the Linux Operating System and Linux kernel together provide a strong and user-friendly platform.
8 .
What is OSI Model? What are the various layers of OSI model?
The OSI model, created in 1984 by ISO, is a reference framework that explains the process of transmitting data between computers. It is divided into seven layers that work together to carry out specialised network functions, allowing for a more systematic approach to networking.
9 .
How will you delete a node in a doubly-linked list?
Algorithm:

* Let the node to be deleted be del.
* If node to be deleted is head node, then change the head pointer to next current head.
if headnode == del then
    headnode =  del.nextNode​

* Set prev of next to del, if next to del exists.
if del.nextNode != none
      del.nextNode.previousNode = del.previousNode ​

* Set next of previous to del, if previous to del exists.
if del.previousNode != none
      del.previousNode.nextNode = del.next​
10 .
What are the various Types of Network Protocols ?
A network protocol is an accepted set of rules that govern data communication between different devices in the network. It determines what is being communicated, how it is being communicated, and when it is being communicated.

Types of Network Protocols:

In most cases, communication across a network like the Internet uses the OSI model. The OSI model has a total of seven layers. Secured connections, network management, and network communication are the three main tasks that the network protocol performs.

The protocols can be broadly classified into three major categories:

* Network Communication
* Network Management
* Network Security
11 .
What's the difference between SDLC and STLC?
SDLC STLC
SDLC is mainly related to software development. STLC is mainly related to software testing.
Besides development other phases like testing is also included. It focuses only on testing the software.
SDLC involves total six phases or steps. STLC involves only five phases or steps.
In SDLC, more number of members (developers) are required for the whole process. In STLC, less number of members (testers) are needed.
12 .
What is a Deque?
Deque, which stands for Double Ended Queue, is a special type of queue that allows adding and removing elements from both front and rear ends.

Applications of Deque:

* Browser History: A deque can be used to store the history of recently visited web pages.

* Text Editor: A deque can be used to undo and redo operations in a text editor.

* Disk Scheduling: A deque can be used to schedule disk requests to improve disk performance.
13 .
What exactly is IP Spoofing?
IP spoofing is a technique that hackers use to gain unauthorized access to computers. IP spoofing concepts were first discussed in academic circles in 1980. IP Spoofing types of attacks were theoretically known to security experts. It was primarily theoretical until Robert Morris discovered sequence prediction, a security flaw in the TCP protocol.

IP spoofing is occasionally used to conceal the origins of a Dos attack. In fact, Dos attacks frequently mask the actual IP addresses from which the attack originated.
14 .
What are the criteria for determining network reliability?
Network reliability refers to the network's ability to perform the desired operation via a network, such as communication via a network.

Network reliability is an important factor in network functionality. Network monitoring systems and devices are critical requirements for network reliability. The network monitoring system detects network problems, while network devices ensure that data reaches its intended destination.

The following factors can be used to assess network reliability:

* Downtime is defined as the amount of time required to recover.

* Failure Frequency: The frequency with which it fails to function as intended.

* Catastrophe: It denotes that the network has been attacked by an unanticipated event, such as a fire or an earthquake.
15 .
How can two algorithms created for the same problem be compared?
An approach for categorizing how efficient an algorithm is in comparison to other algorithms is to look at its complexity. It looks at how the amount of the data set to be processed impacts the time it takes to process it. The computational complexity of an algorithm is significant in computing. It's a good idea to divide algorithms into categories based on how much time or space they use and to define how much time or space they consume as a function of input size.
 
* Time Complexity: Time complexity is the length of time it takes for a program to run as a function of the amount of input.

* Space Complexity: Space complexity investigates algorithms in terms of how much space they need to complete their tasks. Space complexity analysis was critical in the early days of computers.
16 .
What is the Divide and Conquer Algorithmic Paradigm?
Divide and Conquer is an algorithm concept rather than a specific algorithm. It is set up to take a vast quantity of data, divide it into smaller chunks, and decide the answer to the problem for each of the smaller chunks. It integrates all of the smaller pieces' piecewise solutions to generate a single global solution. This is referred to as the divide and conquer strategy.

The steps in the Divide and Conquer algorithmic paradigm are as follows:

* Divide: the algorithm divides the original problem into a series of subproblems.

* Conquer: In this step, the algorithm solves each subproblem separately.

* Combine: The algorithm combines the solutions to the subproblems in this stage to arrive at the overall solution.
17 .
How does the encryption algorithm work?
Encryption is the process of converting plaintext into a secret code format, also known as "Ciphertext." For calculations, the algorithm uses a string of bits known as "keys" to convert the text. The greater the key size, the greater the number of potential encryption patterns. Most algorithms use fixed blocks of input with lengths ranging from 64 to 128 bits, while others use the stream method for encryption.
18 .
What exactly is a server farm?
A server farm is a collection of many servers that are linked together and housed in the same physical location. A server farm combines the computing power of many servers by running one or more applications or services at the same time. A server farm is typically a component of a supercomputer or an enterprise data center.

A server farm may also be referred to as a server cluster or a computer ranch.
19 .
Distinguish between NULL and VOID.

The terms NULL and VOID are used in programming, but they refer to very different concepts. Here's a clear distinction between them:


* NULL
  • Meaning: Represents the absence of a value or a null pointer.

  • Context: Common in programming languages like C, C++, Java, and others.

  • Usage:

    • In C/C++, NULL is used to signify that a pointer does not point to any valid memory location.

    • In Java, null is used to indicate that an object reference does not refer to any object.

    Example in C:

    int *ptr = NULL;  // ptr does not point to any valid memory address
    

* VOID
  • Meaning: Denotes no type or no return value.

  • Context: Used in function declarations and pointers in languages like C/C++.

  • Usage:

    • Void Function: A function that doesn’t return a value.

    • Void Pointer: A generic pointer that can point to any data type (but needs casting to be dereferenced).

    Examples in C:

    void printMessage() {
        printf("Hello\n");
    }
    
    void *ptr;  // Generic pointer, can point to any data type
    

Summary Table
Feature NULL VOID
Type Constant/Macro Keyword (data type)
Meaning No value / null pointer No type / no return value
Used In Pointer initialization/checking Function return type or void pointer
Example int *p = NULL; void functionName();
20 .
What precisely is a doubly-linked list (DLL)? What are its applications of it?
This is a more complex type of linked list in which each node has two references:

* One that connects to the following node in the sequence.

* Another node is linked to the previous one.

* This structure allows data elements to be traversed in both directions (left to right and vice versa).


Doubly Linked List has the following applications:


* A music playlist with navigation options for the next and previous song.

*
BACK-FORWARD visited pages in the browser cache.

*
Undo and redo functionality in platforms such as Word, Paint, and others, where you can reverse the node to go back to the previous page.
21 .
What are the benefits of binary searching over linear searching?
In a sorted list, as we perform fewer comparisons in a binary search, it is more efficient than a linear search.

When we use a linear search, we can only eliminate one element per comparison when we don't find the value we're looking for, whereas a binary search eliminates half the set with each comparison.

In comparison to linear search, binary search takes O(log n) time. This means that the more elements in the search array there are, the faster the binary search is compared to the linear search.
22 .
n terms of data structures, what is a hashmap?
Hashmap is a data structure that implements the hash table data structure, allowing you to access data in constant time (O(1)), assuming you know the key.
23 .
What are the benefits of a heap over a stack?
There are many benefits of a heap over a stack, some of these are:

* Because memory space can be dynamically allocated and de-allocated as needed, the heap is more flexible than the stack.

* In Java, heap memory is used to hold objects, whereas stack memory is used to hold local variables and function calls.

* Objects created in the heap are visible to all threads, whereas stack variables are only visible to the owner as a private memory.

* When using recursion, heap memory grows larger, while stack memory quickly fills up.
24 .
In a binary tree, write an algorithm to count the number of leaf nodes.
The following is an algorithm for counting the number of leaf nodes in a binary tree:

Step 1: Return a value of 0 if the current node is null.

Step 2: Return 1 if a leaf node is discovered, that is if both the left and right nodes of the current node are null.

Step 3: Multiply the number of leaf nodes in the left subtree by the number of leaf nodes in the right subtree to get the total number of leaf nodes.
25 .
What exactly is an AVL tree?
An AVL (Adelson, Velskii, and Landi) tree is a height-balancing binary search tree in which the difference between the heights of any node's left and right subtrees is less than or equal to one. This regulates the height of the binary search tree by preventing it from becoming skewed. This is used when working with a large data set that requires constant pruning via data insertion and deletion.
26 .
Are linked lists linear or non-linear in nature?
* Linked lists can be classified as either linear or non-linear data structures. This is determined by the application for which they are used.

* When used for access strategies, a linked list is considered a linear data structure and when used for data storage, they are classified as a non-linear data structure.
27 .
What exactly is 'yacc'?
Yacc is an acronym that stands for 'yet another compiler-compiler.' It is the Unix operating system's standard parser generator
28 .
What are the various types of compilers?
A compiler is a computer program that aids in the conversion of high-level language source code into low-level machine language.

The following are examples of compilers:

* Single-Pass Compilers

* Compilers with Two Passes

* Compilers with Multiple Passes
29 .
What exactly is a lock? Explain the primary distinction between a shared lock and an exclusive lock during a database transaction.
A database lock is a mechanism that prevents two or more database users from updating a shared piece of data simultaneously. When a single database user or session obtains a lock, no other database user or session is permitted to modify the data until the lock is released.

* A shared lock is required for reading a data item, and multiple transactions can hold a lock on the same data item in a shared lock. A shared lock allows multiple transactions to read the data items.

* An exclusive lock is a lock placed on any transaction that is about to perform a write operation. This type of lock allows only one transaction at a time, preventing database inconsistency.
30 .
Is there any distinction between a 2-tier and 3-tier DBMS architecture?
* The 2-tier architecture is a client-server architecture in which applications at the client end communicate directly with the database at the server end without the use of any middleware.
As an example, consider a Contact Management System built with MS-Access or a Railway Reservation System.

* The 3-tier architecture includes an additional layer between the client and the server to provide users with a graphical user interface and make the system more secure and accessible. In this architecture, the client-side application interacts with a server-side application, which then communicates with the database system.

* For example, Designing a registration form with a text box, label, button, or a large website on the internet.
31 .
What do you know about RTOS?
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is an operating system designed for real-time applications, which require data processing to be completed in a fixed and short amount of time. It performs significantly better on tasks that must be completed quickly. It also handles the execution, monitoring, and overall control processes. It also takes up less memory and uses fewer resources.

RTOS Varieties:

* Firm Real-Time
* Soft Real-Time
* Hard Real-Time

Air traffic control systems, anti-lock brake systems, and heart pacemakers use RTOS.
32 .
What exactly is GUI?
* GUI (Graphical User Interface) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with the operating system using graphics.

* GUIs are developed because they are more user-friendly, less complex, and easier to understand than command-line interfaces.

* Its primary goal is to improve efficiency and usability. Instead of memorizing commands, users can simply click a button to execute the procedure. Microsoft Windows, macOS, Apple's iOS, and other GUIs are examples.
33 .
What's the Difference between dispatcher and schedule?
Properties DISPATCHER SCHEDULER
Definition Dispatcher is a module that gives control of CPU to the process selected by short term scheduler Scheduler is something which selects a process among various processes
Types There are no different types in dispatcher.It is just a code segment. There are 3 types of scheduler i.e. Long-term, Short-term, Medium-term
Dependency Working of dispatcher is dependent on scheduler.Means dispatcher have to wait until scheduler selects a process. Scheduler works independently. It works immediately when needed
Algorithm Dispatcher has no specific algorithm for its implementation Scheduler works on various algorithm such as FCFS, SJF, RR etc