What does the Jira Schema consist of?

The Jira Schema consists of the following :
 
Notifications : This indicates what email someone receives when an issue is changed.

Workflows : This indicates which workflow is used for each issue type.

Permissions : This indicates what changes can be made to an issue by someone.

Issue types : This indicates what issue types like Bug, New Feature etc. can be used in a given Jira project.

Screens : This indicates where the fields are displayed in an issue’s screen.

Field configurations : This is used to define which Field Configuration is used for each issue type.