The actual term
“Internet of Things (IoT)” was coined by
Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his work at Procter & Gamble.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, appliances, and other items embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity—that enables them to collect and exchange data over the internet. IoT aims to create a seamless flow of information between the physical and digital worlds, enhancing efficiency, automation, and decision-making.
Key Components of IoT :
* Devices and Sensors : These are the "things" in IoT, such as smart thermostats, wearables, industrial machines, or connected vehicles. They collect data from their environment.
* Connectivity : Devices use various communication protocols (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, 5G, etc.) to transmit data to the cloud or other devices.
* Data Processing : Once data is collected, it is processed and analyzed, often using cloud computing or edge computing.
* User Interface : The processed data is made accessible to users through apps, dashboards, or other interfaces, enabling control and monitoring.
Applications of IoT :
* Smart Homes : Devices like smart lights, thermostats, and security systems automate and optimize home environments.
* Healthcare : Wearable devices and remote monitoring tools improve patient care and health management.
* Industrial IoT (IIoT) : Sensors and automation in manufacturing improve efficiency, predictive maintenance, and safety.
* Smart Cities : IoT enables traffic management, waste management, and energy optimization in urban areas.
* Agriculture : Smart farming uses IoT for soil monitoring, irrigation control, and crop management.
* Retail : IoT enhances inventory management, customer experience, and supply chain efficiency.
