Which panels are used in case of higher-order panel method?

Square panels

Triangular panels

Curved panels

Quadrilateral panels

Correct Answer : Curved panels

Explanation : Higher-order panel method came into being when the panel method became computationally demanding for complex bodies. This method makes use of curved panels with variable source strength.

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Who developed the panel method?

Ludwig Pradtl

Hess and Smith

Karl Wieghardt

Theodore Von Karman

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Hess and Smith

Explanation : In order to model the wing section there were two methods used-Conformal mapping and Airfoil Theory. But these methods were not general and hence basic panel method was developed by Hess and Smith at the Douglas Aircraft Co. in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Which of these flows can be modelled by the panel method?

Rotational flow

Supersonic flow

Compressible flow

Incompressible flow

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Incompressible flow

Explanation : Panel method is idea for design analysis for only incompressible flows. It lacks the ability to model viscous flow, rotational flow w and supersonic flow. A panel method performs best when modeling fully-attached, high-reynolds-number (> 105), subsonic (Mach number < 1) flow.

Is large eddy simulation will occur for both subcritical and supercritical solution?

True

False

Can Not Say

None of the above

Correct Answer : Option (A) : True

Explanation : The large eddy simulation in the regions away from solid surfaces. For both the subcritical and supercritical solutions, the agreement with experimental measurements for the mean drag and pressure distribution over the sphere is adequate.