Civil Engineering : Strength of Materials MCQs with Answers

1 .
What is tensile strain?
A)  The ratio of change in length to the original length
B)  The ratio of tensile force to the change in length
C)  The ratio of original length to the change in length
D)  The ratio of change in length to the tensile force applied

Correct Answer :   The ratio of change in length to the original length

Explanation : The tensile stress is the ratio of tensile force to the change i length. It is the stress induced in a body when subjected to two equal and opposite pulls. The ratio of change in length to the original length is the tensile strain.

2 .
According to Lami's theorem
A)  Three forces acting at a point will be in equilibrium
B)  Three forces acting at a point can be represented by a triangle, each side being proportional to force
C)  If three forces acting upon a particle are represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a triangle, taken in order, they will be in equilibrium
D)  If three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium, each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two

Correct Answer :   If three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium, each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two

3 .
As the elastic limit reaches, tensile strain________.
A)  decreases more rapidly
B)  increases more rapidly
C)  decreases in proportion to the stress
D)  increases in proportion to the stress

Correct Answer :   increases more rapidly

4 .
A number of forces acting at a point will be in equilibrium if
A)  Their total sum is zero
B)  Two resolved parts in two directions at right angles are equal
C)  Sum of resolved parts in any two perpendicular directions are both zero
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   Sum of resolved parts in any two perpendicular directions are both zero

5 .
The under mentioned type is simple strain_____.
A)  Shear strain
B)  Tensile strain
C)  Compressive strain
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

6 .
The ratio of the flexural strengths of two square beams one placed with its two sides horizontal and the other placed with one diagonal vertical, diagonal, is______.
A)  √2
B)  √4
C)  √5
D)  √7

Correct Answer :   √2

7 .
The radius of gyration of a rectangular section is not proportional to_____.
A)  square root of the moment of inertia
B)  square root of the inverse of the area
C)  square root of the moment of inertia divided by area of the section
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   None of the above

8 .
In a simply supported beam L with a triangular load W varying from zero at one end to the maximum value at the other end, the maximum bending moment is_______.
A)  WL/9√3
B)  WL/4
C)  WL³/9√3
D)  WL/8

Correct Answer :   WL³/9√3

9 .
Maximum deflection of a cantilever due to pure bending moment M at its free end, is_____.
A)  WL²/4 EI
B)  WL²/2 EI
C)  WL²/6 EI
D)  WL²/5 EI

Correct Answer :   WL²/2 EI

10 .
The stress necessary to initiate yielding, is considerably_____.
A)  more than that necessary to stop it
B)  more than that necessary to continue it
C)  less than that necessary to stop it
D)  less than that necessary to continue it

Correct Answer :   more than that necessary to continue it

11 .
Strain energy of any member may be defined as work done on it________.
A)  to deform it
B)  to resist elongation
C)  to resist shortening
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

12 .
If the length of a cantilever carrying an isolated load at its free end is doubled, the deflection of the free end will increase by_______.
A)  3
B)  8
C)  1/3
D)  1/8

Correct Answer :   8

13 .
Pick up the correct statement from the following :
A)  A rigid material has no plastic zone
B)  A brittle material has no plastic zone
C)  A ductile material has large plastic zone
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

14 .
Simple bending equation is____
A)  M/I = R/E = Y/F
B)  I/M = E/R = Y/F
C)  M/I = E/R = Y/F
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   M/I = E/R = Y/F

15 .
The property by which a body returns to its original shape after removal of the force is called ________
A)  Elasticity
B)  Ductility
C)  Plasticity
D)  Malleability

Correct Answer :   Elasticity

Explanation : When an external force acts on a body, the body tends to undergo some deformation. If the external force is removed and the body comes back to its original shape and size, the body is known as elastic body and this property is called elasticity.

16 .
The property of a material by which it can be beaten or rolled into thin plates is called _______.
A)  Ductility
B)  Malleability
C)  Elasticity
D)  Plasticity

Correct Answer :   Malleability

Explanation : A material can be beaten into thin plates by its property of malleability.

17 .
Which law is also called as the elasticity law?
A)  Hooke's law
B)  Stress law
C)  Poisson’s law
D)  Bernoulli’s law

Correct Answer :   Hooke's law

Explanation : The hooke's law is valid under the elastic limit of a body. It itself states that stress is proportional to the strain within the elastic limit.

18 .
A reinforced concrete beam is assumed to be made of_____.
A)  isotropic material
B)  homogeneous material
C)  Both (A) and (B)
D)  heterogeneous material

Correct Answer :   heterogeneous material

19 .
If the rivets in adjacent rows are staggered and outermost row has only one rivet, the arrangement of the rivets, is called_______.
A)  chain riveting
B)  zig-zag riveting
C)  diamond riveting
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   diamond riveting

20 .
The slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic deformation region is __________.
A)  Plastic modulus
B)  Poisson’s ratio
C)  Elastic modulus
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Elastic modulus

Explanation : The elastic modulus is the ratio of stress and strain. So on the stress strain curve, it is the slope.

21 .
What is the stress-strain curve?
A)  It is the percentage of stress and stain
B)  It is the relationship between stress and strain
C)  It is the difference between stress and strain
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   It is the relationship between stress and strain

Explanation : The relationship between stress and strain on a graph is the stress strain curve. It represents the change in stress with change in strain.

22 .
Which point on the stress strain curve occurs after the proportionality limit?
A)  Elastic limit
B)  Ultimate point
C)  Lower yield point
D)  Upper yield point

Correct Answer :   Elastic limit

Explanation : The curve will be stress strain proportional upto the proportionality limit. After these, the elastic limit will occur.

23 .
Along the principal plan subjected to maximum principal stress_______.
A)  no shear stress acts
B)  maximum shear stress acts
C)  minimum shear stress acts
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   no shear stress acts

24 .
A member which does not regain its original shape after removed of load producing deformation is said_______.
A)  rigid
B)  elastic
C)  plastic
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   plastic

25 .
A joint of a frame is subjected to three tensile force P, Q and R equally inclined to each other. If P is 10 tonnes, the other forces will be________.
A)  Q - R = zero
B)  Q + R = 10 tonnes
C)  Q = 10 tonnes and R = zero
D)  Q and R each is equal to 10 tonnes

Correct Answer :   Q and R each is equal to 10 tonnes

26 .
Find the strain of a brass rod of length 250mm which is subjected to a tensile load of 50kN when the extension of rod is equal to 0.3mm?
A)  0.025
B)  0.0012
C)  0.0046
D)  0.0014

Correct Answer :   0.0012

Explanation : Strain = dL/L = 0.3/250 = 0.0012

27 .
Find the elongation of an steel rod of 100mm length when it is subjected to a tensile strain of 0.005?
A)  0.3mm
B)  0.5mm
C)  0.2mm
D)  0.1mm

Correct Answer :   0.5mm

Explanation : dL = strain x L = 0.005 x 100 = 0.5mm.

28 .
If b is the width of a plate joined by diamond riveting of diameter d, the efficiency of the joint is given by_____.
A)  b+d / b
B)  b-d / b
C)  d-b / d
D)  b-d / d

Correct Answer :   b-d / b

29 .
The value of Poisson's ratio always remains______.
A)  less than one
B)  equal to one
C)  greater than one
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   less than one

30 .
For a beam having fixed ends, the unknown element of the reactions, is________.
A)  vertical components at either end
B)  horizontal components at either end
C)  horizontal and vertical components at both the ends
D)  horizontal component at one end and vertical component at the other

Correct Answer :   horizontal and vertical components at both the ends

31 .
What is the strain energy stored in a body due to gradually applied load?
A)  σE²/V
B)  σE²/V
C)  σV²/E
D)  σV²/2E

Correct Answer :   σV²/2E

32 .
Strain energy stored in a body to uniform stress s of volume V and modulus of elasticity E is _______
A)  sV/E
B)  s²V/2E
C)  sV²/E
D)  sV/2E

Correct Answer :   s²V/2E

Explanation : Strain energy = s²V/2E.

33 .
In a material of pure shear stress τthe strain energy stored per unit volume in the elastic, homogeneous isotropic material having elastic constants E and v will be:
A)  τ²/E x (1+ v)
B)  τ²/E x (1+ v)
C)  τ²/2E x (1+ v)
D)  τ²/E x (2+ v)

Correct Answer :   τ²/E x (1+ v)

Explanation : σ₁=τ, σ₂= -τσ₃=0
U = (τ²+- τ²-2μτ(-τ))V = τ²/E x (1+ v)V.

34 .
The number of points of contraflexure in a simple supported beam carrying uniformly distributed load, is_____.
A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  0

Correct Answer :   0

35 .
The maximum bending moment due to a moving load on a simply supported beam, occurs_________.
A)  under the load
B)  at the supports
C)  at the mid span
D)  anywhere on the beam

Correct Answer :   under the load

36 .
A three hinged parabolic arch hinged at the crown and springings, has a horizontal span of 4.8 m and a central rise of 1 m. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 0.75 tonne per metre over half left hand span. The horizontal thrust at the support will be______.
A)  0.8 tonnes
B)  1.8 tonnes
C)  1.08 tonnes
D)  10.8 tonnes

Correct Answer :   1.08 tonnes

37 .
The length of a column, having a uniform circular cross-section of 7.5 cm diameter and whose ends are hinged, is 5 m. If the value of E for the material is 2100 tonnes/cm², the permissible maximum crippling load will be____.
A)  
 
1.288 tonnes
A)  
B)  12.88
B)  
C)  128.8 tonnes
C)  
D)  288.0
D)  

Correct Answer :   12.88

38 .
If a three hinged parabolic arch carries a uniformly distributed load on its entire span, every section of the arch resists_________.
A)  shear force
B)  compressive force
C)  tensile force
D)  bending moment

Correct Answer :   compressive force

39 .
In the given figure a stepped column carries loads. What will be the maximum normal stress in the column at B in the larger diameter column if the ratio of P/A here is unity?
A)  1
B)  2
C)  1/1.5
D)  2/1.5

Correct Answer :   2/1.5

Explanation : Normal stress at B = Total load acting at B / Area of a cross-section at B

= (P + P) / 1.5 A = 2P/ 1.5A = 2/1.5.

40 .
What is strain energy?
A)  The strain per unit volume
B)  The stress per unit are
C)  The force applied in stretching the body
D)  The work done by the applied load In stretching the body

Correct Answer :   The work done by the applied load In stretching the body

Explanation : The strain energy stored in a body is equal to the work done by the applied load in stretching the body.

41 .
What is the relation between maximum stress induced due to gradual load to maximum stress the sudden load?
A)  Maximum stress in gradual load is half to the maximum stress in sudden load
B)  Maximum stress in gradual load is twice to the maximum stress in sudden load
C)  Maximum stress in gradual load is equal to the maximum stress in sudden load
D)  Maximum stress in gradual load is four times to the maximum stress in sudden load

Correct Answer :   Maximum stress in gradual load is half to the maximum stress in sudden load

Explanation : Maximum stress in gradual loading = P/A
Maximum stress in sudden loading = 2P/A.

42 .
A tensile load of 60kN is gradually applied to a circular bar of 4cm diameter and 5cm long. What will be the stress in the rod if E=1×10⁵ N/mm²?
A)  71.02 N/mm²
B)  47.746 N/mm²
C)  48.456 N/mm²
D)  34.15 N/mm²

Correct Answer :   47.746 N/mm²

Explanation : Stress = Load/ area = 60,000 / (π/4 D²) = 47.746 N/mm²

43 .
A tensile load of 60kN is gradually applied to a circular bar of 4cm diameter and 10m long. What will be the stress in the rod if E=1×10⁵ N/mm²?
A)  2.14mm
B)  3.45mm
C)  4.77mm
D)  6.58mm

Correct Answer :   4.77mm

Explanation : Stress = Load/ area = 60,000 / (π/4 D²) = 47.746 N/mm²

So stretch = stress x length / E = 4.77mm.

44 .
A tensile load of 100kN is gradually applied to a rectangular bar of dimension 2cmx4cm. What will be the stress in bar?
A)  100 N/mm²
B)  120 N/mm²
C)  125 N/mm²
D)  150 N/mm²

Correct Answer :   125 N/mm²

Explanation : Stress = load / area = 100,000/ (20×40) = 125 N/mm²

45 .
What will be the elastic modulus of a material if the Poisson’s ratio for that material is 0.5?
A)  Three times its shear modulus
B)  Four times its shear modulus
C)  Equal to its shear modulus
D)  Not determinable

Correct Answer :   Three times its shear modulus

Explanation : Elastic modulus = E
Shear modulus = G
E = 2G ( 1 + μ )
Given, μ= 0.5, E = 2×1.5xG
E = 3G.

46 .
What will be the ratio of forces of spring at A and that of spring at B?
A)  4
B)  3
C)  2
D)  1

Correct Answer :   3

47 .
A solid metal bat of uniform diameter D and length L is hung vertically from a ceiling. If the density of the material of the bar is 1 and the modulus of elasticity is E, then the total elongation of the bar due to its own weight will be ________.
A)  E/2L
B)  L/2E
C)  E/2L²
D)  L²/2E

Correct Answer :   L²/2E

Explanation : The elongation of bar due to its own weight is δ= WL/2AE
Now W = ρAL
There fore δ= L² / 2E.

48 .
A bar of diameter 30mm is subjected to a tensile load such that the measured extension on a gauge length of 200mm is 0.09mm and the change in diameter is 0.0045mm. Calculate the Poissons ratio?
A)  1/3
B)  1/4
C)  1/5
D)  1/6

Correct Answer :   1/3

Explanation : Longitudinal strain = 0.09/200
Lateral strain = – 0.0045/30
Poissons ratio = – lateral strain/ longitudinal strain
= 0.0045/30 x 200/0.09
= 1/3.

49 .
What will be the ratio of Youngs modulus to the modulus of rigidity of a material having Poissons ratio 0.25?
A)  1.5
B)  2.5
C)  3.00
D)  3.75

Correct Answer :   2.5

Explanation : Modulus of rigidity, G = E/2(1 + μ)
Therefore, E/G = 2x(1+0.25) = 2.5.

50 .
Every material obeys the Hooke's law within its_______.
A)  plastic point
B)  elastic limit
C)  limit of proportionality
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   limit of proportionality

51 .
The maximum compressive stress at the top of a beam is 1600 kg/cm² and the corresponding tensile stress at its bottom is 400 kg/cm² . If the depth of the beam is 10 cm, the neutral axis from the top, is_____.
A)  4 cm
B)  6 cm
C)  8 cm
D)  10 cm

Correct Answer :   8 cm

52 .
The materials which have the same elastic properties in all directions are called __________
A)  Isotropic
B)  Hard
C)  Brittle
D)  Homogeneous

Correct Answer :   Isotropic

Explanation : Same elastic properties in all direction is called the homogenity of a material.

53 .
A member which does not regain its original shape after removal of the load producing deformation is said ________
A)  Rigid
B)  Plastic
C)  Elastic
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Plastic

Explanation : A plastic material does not regain its original shape after removal of load. An elastic material regain its original shape after removal of load.

54 .
The body will regain it is previous shape and size only when the deformation caused by the external forces, is within a certain limit. What is that limit?
A)  Plastic limit
B)  Elastic limit
C)  Deformation limit
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Elastic limit

Explanation : The body only regain its previous shape and size only upto its elastic limit.

55 .
When loads are applied proportionately to a frame structure containing its members in one plane, the structure is called_________.
A)  plane frame
B)  grid frame
C)  truss frame
D)  space frame

Correct Answer :   plane frame

56 .
Columns of given length, cross-section and material have different values of buckling loads for different end conditions. The strongest column is one whose
A)  one end is fixed and other end is hinged
B)  one end is fixed and the other end entirely free
C)  both the ends are fixed
D)  both ends are hinged or pin jointed

Correct Answer :   both the ends are fixed

57 .
The materials which have the same elastic properties in all directions are called _____
A)  Hard
B)  Brittle
C)  Homogenous
D)  Isotropic

Correct Answer :   Isotropic

Explanation : Isotropic materials have the same elastic properties in all directions.

58 .
As the elastic limit reaches, tensile strain ________
A)  Increases more rapidly
B)  Decreases more rapidly
C)  Increases in proportion to the stress
D)  Decreases in proportion to the stress

Correct Answer :   Increases more rapidly

Explanation : On reaching the tensile stress to the elastic limit after the proportionality limit, the stress is no longer proportional to the strain. Then the value of strain rapidly increases.

59 .
What kind of elastic materials are derived from a strain energy density function?
A)  Hypo elastic materials
B)  Hyper elastic materials
C)  Cauchy elastic materials
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Hyper elastic materials

Explanation : The hyper elastic materials are derived from a strain energy density function. A model is hyper elastic if and only if it is possible to express the cauchy stress tensor as a function of the deformation gradient.

60 .
The shear stress at any section of a shaft is maximum
A)  at the centre of the section
B)  at a distance r/2 from the centre
C)  at the top of the surface
D)  at a distance 3/4 r from the centre

Correct Answer :   at the top of the surface

61 .
Which point on the stress strain curve occurs after the lower yield point?
A)  Yield plateau
B)  Ultimate point
C)  Upper yield point
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Yield plateau

Explanation : The points on the curve comes in the given order :

A. proportionality limit
B. elastic limit
C. upper yield point
D. lower yield point
E. yield plateau
F. ultimate point
G. breaking point.

62 .
Which point on the stress strain curve occurs after yield plateau?
A)  Upper yield point
B)  Ultimate point
C)  Breaking point
D)  lower yield point

Correct Answer :   Ultimate point

Explanation : After the yield plateau the curve will go up to its maximum limit of stress which is its ultimate point.

63 .
A simply supported beam carries two equal concentrated loads W at distances L/3 from either support. The maximum bending moment_________.
A)  WL / 3
B)  WL / 4
C)  5WL / 4
D)  3WL / 12

Correct Answer :   WL / 3

64 .
In a three hinged arch, the bending moment will be zero________.
A)  at left hinge only
B)  at right hinge only
C)  at both right and left hinges
D)  at all the three hinges

Correct Answer :   at all the three hinges

65 .
The ratio of the tensile stress developed in the wall of a boiler in the circumferential direction to the tensile stress in the axial direction, is_______.
A)  4
B)  3
C)  2
D)  1

Correct Answer :   2

66 .
In a shaft shear stress intensity at a point is not_____.
A)  directly proportional to the applied torque
B)  inversely proportional to the distance from the axis
C)  directly proportional to the distance from the axis
D)  inversely proportional to the polar moment of inertia

Correct Answer :   inversely proportional to the distance from the axis

67 .
Along the neutral axis of a simply supported beam
A)  fibres do not undergo strain
B)  fibres undergo maximum strain
C)  fibres undergo minimum strain
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   fibres do not undergo strain

68 .
A tensile test was conducted on a mild steel bar. The diameter and the gauge length of bat was 3cm and 20cm respectively. The extension was 0.21mm. What is the value to strain?
A)  0.005
B)  0.0105
C)  0.0010
D)  0.00105

Correct Answer :   0.00105

Explanation : Strain = dL/L = 0.21/200 = 0.0005.

69 .
A tensile test was conducted on a steel bar. The gauge length of the bar was 10cm and the extension was 2mm. What will be the percentage elongation?
A)  2
B)  0.2
C)  0.02
D)  0.002

Correct Answer :   2

Explanation : The percentage elongation = dL/L x 100 = 2/100 x 100 = 2.

70 .
The lateral strain is ______
A)  The ratio of axial deformation to the original length
B)  The strain at right angles to the direction of applied load
C)  The ratio of deformation in area to the original area
D)  The ratio of length of body to the tensile force applied on it

Correct Answer :   The strain at right angles to the direction of applied load

Explanation : The lateral strain is the strain at right angles to the direction of the applied load. The lateral strain is accompanied by the longitudinal strain.

71 .
If all the dimensions of a bar are increased in the proportion n : 1, the proportion with which the maximum stress produced in the prismatic bar by its own weight, will increase in the ratio
A)  1 : n
B)  n : 1
C)  1 : √n
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   n : 1

72 .
The slenderness ratio of a vertical column of square cross- section of 10 cm side and 500 cm long, is_________.
A)  17.3
B)  117.2
C)  137.2
D)  173.2

Correct Answer :   173.2

73 .
If the depth of a simply supported beam carrying an isolated load at its centre, is doubled, the deflection of the beam at the centre will be changed by a factor of_____.
A)  2
B)  8
C)  1/2
D)  1/8

Correct Answer :   1/8

74 .
The equivalent length of a column fixed at one end and free at the other end, is____.
A)  l
B)  0.5 l
C)  2 l
D)  0.7 l

Correct Answer :   2 l

75 .
A cast iron T section beam is subjected to pure bending. For maximum compressive stress to be three times the maximum tensile stress, centre of gravity of the section from flange side is
A)  h/4
B)  h/3
C)  h/2
D)  2/3 h

Correct Answer :   h/4

76 .
The equivalent length of a column fixed at both ends, is____.
A)  l
B)  0.5 l
C)  0.7 l
D)  2 l

Correct Answer :   0.5 l

77 .
The rise of a parabolic arch at quarter points, is equal to_________.
A)  1/2 times the rise of the crown
B)  1/3 times the rise of the crown
C)  1/4 times the rise of the crown
D)  3/4 times the rise of the crown

Correct Answer :   3/4 times the rise of the crown

78 .
The effect of arching a beam, is_________.
A)  nothing on the bending throughout
B)  to increase the bending moment throughout
C)  to reduce the bending moment throughout
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   to reduce the bending moment throughout

79 .
PL³/3EI is the deflection under the load P of a cantilever beam. What will be the strain energy?
A)  P²L³/3EI
B)  P²L³/6EI
C)  P²L³/4EI
D)  P²L³/24EI

Correct Answer :   P²L³/6EI

Explanation : We may do it taking average

Strain energy = Average force x displacement = (P/2) x PL³/3EI = P²L³/6EI.

80 .
A rectangular block of size 400mm x 50mm x 50mm is subjected to a shear stress of 500kg/cm². If the modulus of rigidity of the material is 1×10⁶ kg/cm², the strain energy will be ______.
A)  125 kg-cm
B)  100 kg-cm
C)  500 kg-cm
D)  1000 kg-cm

Correct Answer :   125 kg-cm

Explanation : Strain energy stored = τ²V/2G = 500²/2×10⁶ x 40x5x5 = 125 kg-cm.

81 .
In a three hinged arch, the shear force is usually________.
A)  varies with slope
B)  maximum at crown
C)  maximum at springings
D)  maximum at quarter points

Correct Answer :   varies with slope

82 .
An arch may be subjected to______.
A)  shear and axial force
B)  shear force and thrust
C)  bending moment and shear force
D)  thrust, shear force and bending moment.

Correct Answer :   thrust, shear force and bending moment.

83 .
The law which states, "within elastic limits strain produced is proportional to the stress producing it", is known as______.
A)  Stress law
B)  Poisson's law
C)  Hooke's law
D)  Bernoulli's law

Correct Answer :   Hooke's law

84 .
The stress which acts in a direction perpendicular to the area is called _________
A)  Shear stress
B)  Normal stress
C)  Thermal stress
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Normal stress

Explanation : Normal stress acts in a direction perpendicular to the area. Normal stress is of two types tensile and compressive stress.

85 .
Which of these are types of normal stresses?
A)  Shear and bending
B)  Tensile and thermal stresses
C)  Tensile and compressive stresses
D)  Compressive and plane stresses

Correct Answer :   Tensile and compressive stresses

Explanation : The normal stress is divided into tensile stress and compressive stress.

86 .
In a body loaded under plane stress conditions, what is the number of independent stress components?
A)  3
B)  2
C)  5
D)  6

Correct Answer :   3

Explanation : In a body loaded under plane stress conditions, the number of independent stress components is 3 I.e. two normal components and one shear component.

87 .
If a bar of large length when held vertically and subjected to a load at its lower end, its won-weight produces additional stress. The maximum stress will be ________
A)  At every point of the bar
B)  At the lower cross-section
C)  At the central cross-section
D)  At the built-in upper cross-section

Correct Answer :   At the built-in upper cross-section

Explanation : The stress is the load per unit area. After the addition of weight in the bar due to its loading on the lower end the force will increase in the upper cross-section resulting in the maximum stress at the built-in upper cross-section.

88 .
A tensile load of 100kN is gradually applied to a rectangular bar of dimension 2cmx4cm and length of 5m. What will be the strain energy in the bar if E=1×105 N/mm²?
A)  634 N-m
B)  245.5 N-m
C)  312.5 N-m
D)  314500 N-mm

Correct Answer :   312.5 N-m

Explanation : Stress = load / area = 100,000/ (20×40) = 125 N/mm²

Strain energy = σ²V/2E = 125x125x20x40x5000/ (2×100,000) = 312500 N-mm = 312.5N-m.

89 .
An experiment was done and it was found that the bulk modulus of a material is equal to its shear modulus. Then what will be its Poissons ratio?
A)  0.375
B)  0.125
C)  0.200
D)  0.150

Correct Answer :   0.125

Explanation : We know that, μ = (3K – 2G) / (6K + 2G)
Here K = G
Therefore, μ = 3-2 / 6+2 = 0.125.

90 .
A bar of 40mm dia and 40cm length is subjected to an axial load of 100 kN. It elongates by 0.005mm. Calculate the Poissons ratio of the material of bar?
A)  0.25
B)  0.33
C)  0.28
D)  0.30

Correct Answer :   0.33

Explanation : Longitudinal strain = 0.150/400 = 0.000375

Lateral strain = – 0.005/40 = -0.000125

Poissons ratio = – lateral strain/longitudinal strain

= 0.33.

91 .
What will be the approximate value of shear modulus of a material if the modulus of elasticity is 189.8 GN/m² and its Poissons ratio is 0.30?
A)  73 GN/m²
B)  80 GN/m²
C)  93.3 GN/m²
D)  103.9 GN/m²

Correct Answer :   73 GN/m²

Explanation : The relationship between E, G, and μ is given by

E = 2G (1 + μ)
G = 189.8 / 2(1 + 0.30)
G = 73 GN/m²

92 .
What will be the modulus of rigidity if the value of modulus of elasticity is 200 and Poissons ratio is 0.25?
A)  70
B)  80
C)  125
D)  200

Correct Answer :   80

Explanation : The relationship between E, G and μ is E = 2G (1 + μ)

G = 200 / 2(1 + 0.25)

G = 80.

93 .
Which type of stress does in a reinforcement bar is taken by the concrete?
A)  Shear stress
B)  Tensile stress
C)  Bending stress
D)  Compressive stress

Correct Answer :   Compressive stress

Explanation : Concrete has the property of taking a good amount of compressive stress. So, In the reinforcement bar, the compressive stress is taken by the concrete.

94 .
A material has a Poisson’s ratio of 0.5. If uniform pressure of 300GPa is applied to that material, What will be the volumetric strain of it?
A)  0.20
B)  0.25
C)  0.50
D)  Zero

Correct Answer :   Zero

Explanation : As volumetric strain = (1-2μ)σ/E

Here the value of μ is 0.5 so 1 – 2 * 0.5 becomes zero.

Therefore whatever be the stress the value of volumetric strain will be zero.

95 .
The ratio of the maximum deflection of a cantilever beam with an isolated load at its free end and with a uniformly distributed load over its entire length, is_____.
A)  1
B)  3 / 8
C)  8 / 3
D)  5 / 8

Correct Answer :   8 / 3

96 .
For a beam of uniform strength keeping its depth constant, the width will vary in proportion to______.
A)  M²
B)  √M
C)  √M²
D)  bending moment (M)

Correct Answer :   bending moment (M)

97 .
A shaft 9 m long is subjected to a torque 30 t-m at a point 3 m distant from either end. The reactive torque at the nearer end will be_______.
A)  5 tonnes metre
B)  10 tonnes metre
C)  15 tonnes metre
D)  20 tonnes metre

Correct Answer :   20 tonnes metre

98 .
The width b and depth d of a beam cut from a wooden cylindrical log of 100 cm diameter for maximum strength are :
A)  b = 57.73 cm d = 81.65 cm
B)  b = 81.65 cm d = 57.73 cm
C)  b = 50.00 cm d = 50.00 cm
D)  b = 40.00 cm d = 80.00 cm

Correct Answer :   b = 57.73 cm d = 81.65 cm

99 .
If the stress produced by a prismatic bar is equal to the working stress, the area of the cross-section of the prismatic bar, becomes_____.
A)  zero
B)  infinite
C)  maximum
D)  minimum

Correct Answer :   infinite

100 .
In a continuous bending moment curve the point where it changes sign, is called______.
A)  point of inflexion
B)  point of virtual hinge
C)  point of contraflexture
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

101 .
A beam of length L supported on two intermediate rollers carries a uniformly distributed load on its entire length. If sagging B.M. and hogging B.M. of the beam are equal, the length of each overhang, is_____.
A)  0.107 L
B)  0.207 L
C)  0.307 L
D)  0.407 L

Correct Answer :   0.207 L

102 .
What the number that measures an object’s resistance to being deformed elastically when stress is applied to it?
A)  Stress modulus
B)  Plastic modulus
C)  Elastic modulus
D)  Poisson’s ratio

Correct Answer :   Elastic modulus

Explanation : The elastic modulus is the ratio of stress to strain.

103 .
The region of the cross-section of a column in which compressive load may be applied without producing any tensile stress, is known as the core of the cross-section. In circular columns the radius of the core, is______.
A)  one-quarter of the radius
B)  one-third of the radius
C)  one-fifth of the radius
D)  one-sixth of the radius

Correct Answer :   one-quarter of the radius

104 .
A beam is said to be of uniform strength, if_________.
A)  B.M. is same throughout the beam
B)  deflection is same throughout the beam
C)  shear stress is same throughout the beam
D)  bending stress is same throughout the beam

Correct Answer :   bending stress is same throughout the beam

105 .
In a tension test, the yield stress is 300 kg/cm², in the octa hedral shear stress at the point is :
A)  100 √2 kg/cm²
B)  150 √2 kg/cm²
C)  200 √2 kg/cm²
D)  250 √2 kg/cm²

Correct Answer :   100 √2 kg/cm²

106 .
Influence lines are drawn for structures______.
A)  pin-jointed truss
B)  of any type
C)  statically determinate
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   of any type

107 .
A shaft turning 150 r.p.m. is subjected to a torque of 150 kgm. Horse power transmitted by the shaft is_____.
A)  π
B)  π2
C)  1/π
D)  10 π

Correct Answer :   10 π

108 .
A simply supported beam carrying a uniformly distributed load over its whole span, is propped at the centre of the span so that the beam is held to the level of the end supports. The reaction of the prop will be____.
A)  distributed load.
B)  3/8th the distributed load
C)  5/8th the distributed load
D)  half the distributed load

Correct Answer :   5/8th the distributed load

109 .
Which point on the stress strain curve occurs after the ultimate point?
A)  Last point
B)  Breaking point
C)  Elastic limit
D)  Material limit

Correct Answer :   Breaking point

Explanation : After the ultimate point the value of stress will reduce on increasing of strain and ultimately the material will break.

110 .
Elastic limit is the point _____
A)  Up to which if the load is removed, original volume and shapes are regained
B)  up to which stress is proportional to strain
C)  At which elongation takes place without application of additional load
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Up to which if the load is removed, original volume and shapes are regained

Explanation : The elastic limit is that limit up to which any material behaves like an elastic material.

111 .
Where is the necking region?
A)  The area between the ultimate point and rupture
B)  The area between the plastic limit and elastic limit
C)  The area between the ultimate point and initial point
D)  The area between lower yield point and upper yield point

Correct Answer :   The area between the ultimate point and rupture

Explanation : Necking is a tensile strain deformation which is cased in after the ultimate amount of stress occurs in the material.

112 .
At either end of a plane frame, maximum number of possible bending moments, are______.
A)  four
B)  three
C)  two
D)  zero

Correct Answer :   zero

113 .
During a tensile test on a ductile material_______.
A)  true stress at fracture is the same as the ultimate stress
B)  nominal stress at fracture is higher than the ultimate stress
C)  true stress at fracture is higher than the ultimate stress
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   true stress at fracture is higher than the ultimate stress

114 .
Rankine-Golden formula accounts for direct as well as buckling stress and is applicable to______.
A)  long columns
B)  intermediate columns
C)  short columns
D)  very long columns

Correct Answer :   intermediate columns

115 .
Pick up the correct statement from the following :
A)  In T-sections, the shear centre is at the C.G. of the section
B)  The point through which the resultant of the shear stresses, passes is known as shear centre
C)  In equal angles, the shear centre is on the horizontal plane and away from the C.G., outside of the leg projection
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

Explanation : * In T-sections, the shear centre is at the C.G. of the section
* The point through which the resultant of the shear stresses, passes is known as shear centre
* In the standard rolled channels, the shear centre is on the horizontal line passing through and away from the C.G. beyond web
* In equal angles, the shear centre is on the horizontal plane and away from the C.G., outside of the leg projection

116 .
For a simply supported beam carrying uniformly distributed load W on it entire length L, the maximum bending moment is ________.
A)  WL / 8
B)  WL / 6
C)  WL / 4
D)  WL / 2

Correct Answer :   WL / 8

117 .
The stiffness factor for a prismatic beam of length L and moment of inertia I, is______.
A)  EI / 2L
B)  IE / L
C)  3EI / L
D)  4EI / L

Correct Answer :   IE / L

118 .
The stress in the wall of a cylinder in a direction normal to its longitudinal axis, due to a force acting along the circumference, is known as_____.
A)  yield stress
B)  longitudinal stress
C)  hoop stress
D)  circumferential stress

Correct Answer :   hoop stress

119 .
In a simply supported beam (l + 2a) with equal overhangs (a) and carrying a uniformly distributed load over its entire length, B.M. at the middle point of the beam will be zero if
A)  l = 2a
A)  
B)  l = 4a
B)  
C)  l < 2a
C)  
D)  l > 3a
D)  

Correct Answer :   l = 2a

120 .
The point of contraflexture occurs in_______.
A)  continuous beams only
B)  cantilever beams only
C)  over hanging beams only
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   over hanging beams only

121 .
An open-ended cylinder of radius r and thickness t is subjected to internal pressure p. The Young's modulus for the material is E and Poisson's ratio is μ. The longitudinal strain is____.
A)  zero
B)  pr / tE
C)  2tE
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   zero

122 .
A member which is subjected to reversible tensile or compressive stress may fail at a stress lower than the ultimate stress of the material. This property of metal, is called_____.
A)  plasticity of the metal
B)  fatigue of the metal
C)  elasticity of the metal
D)  workability of the metal

Correct Answer :   fatigue of the metal

123 .
If the stress in each cross-section of a pillar is equal to its working stress, it is called_____.
A)  body of equal
B)  body of equal section
C)  Both (A) and (B)
D)  body of equal strength

Correct Answer :   body of equal strength

124 .
The stress at which extension of a material takes place more quickly as compared to the increase in load, is called_______.
A)  plastic point
B)  elastic point
C)  breaking point
D)  yielding point

Correct Answer :   yielding point

125 .
The unit of force in S.I. units is ?
A)  Newton
B)  Watt
C)  Dyne
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Newton

Explanation : Force = mass x acceleration = kg x m/s² = N.

126 .
Which of the following is not the unit of distance?
A)  Micron
B)  Angstrom
C)  Milestone
D)  Light year

Correct Answer :   Milestone

Explanation : Milestone means achievement. it is not and unit of distance.

127 .
A solid cube is subjected to equal normal forces on all its faces. The volumetric strain will be x-times the linear strain in any of the three axes when?
A)  X=1
B)  X=2
C)  X=3
D)  X=4

Correct Answer :   X=3

Explanation : The volumetric strain is the change in dimension in three directions and the linear strain depends on the change in only one direction so the volumetric strain is 1 times the linear strain in any of the three directions.

128 .
A rod 200cm long is subjected to an axial pull due to which it elongates about 2mm. Calculate the amount of strain?
A)  0.01
B)  0.02
C)  0.002
D)  0.001

Correct Answer :   0.001

Explanation : The strain is given by = dL / L = 2/2000 = 0.001.

129 .
The phenomenon of slow growth of strain under a steady tensile stress, is called_______.
A)  yielding
B)  creeping
C)  breaking
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   creeping

130 .
A 8 metre long simply supported rectangular beam which carries a distributed load 45 kg/m. experiences a maximum fibre stress 160 kg/cm². If the moment of inertia of the beam is 640 cm⁴, the overall depth of the beam is_____.
A)  10 cm
B)  12 cm
C)  15 cm
D)  18 cm

Correct Answer :   10 cm

131 .
A column is said to be of medium size if its slenderness ratio is between______.
A)  160 and 180
B)  120 and 160
C)  32 and 120
D)  20 and 32

Correct Answer :   32 and 120

132 .
If p is the internal pressure in a thin cylinder of diameter d and thickness t, the developed hoop stress, is______.
A)  pd / 2t
B)  pd / 3t
C)  pd / 4t
D)  2pd / t

Correct Answer :   pd / 2t

133 .
Ties are load carrying members of a frame, which are subjected to_____.
A)  torsional loads
B)  transverse loads
C)  axial compressive loads
D)  axial tension loads

Correct Answer :   axial tension loads

134 .
At either end of a plane frame, maximum number of possible transverse shear forces, are______.
A)  one
B)  two
C)  three
D)  four

Correct Answer :   one

135 .
A diagram which shows the variations of the axial load for all sections of the pan of a beam is called _________
A)  Thrust diagram
B)  Stress diagram
C)  Shear force diagram
D)  Bending moment diagram

Correct Answer :   Stress diagram

Explanation : The stress diagram shows the variation of the axial load for all sections of the pan. The bending moment diagram shows the variation of moment in a beam. The shear force diagram shows the variation in the shear force due to loading in the beam.

136 .
The stress induced in a body, when subjected to two equal and opposite forces which are acting tangentially across the resisting section resulting the shearing of the body across its section is called _____
A)  Shear strain
B)  Bending stress
C)  Shear stress
D)  Compressive stress

Correct Answer :   Shear stress

Explanation : Shear stress makes the body to shear off across the section. It is tangential to the area over which it acts. The corresponding strain is the shear strain.

137 .
What is the formula for shear stress?
A)  Force/unit area
B)  Bending strain/area
C)  Shear resistance/shear area
D)  Shear stress/length

Correct Answer :   Shear resistance/shear area

Explanation : When force is applied, the twisting divides the body. The resistance is known as shear resistance and shear resistance per unit area is known as shear stress.

138 .
A long vertical member, subjected to an axial compressive load, is called______.
A)  a tie
B)  a column
C)  a strut
D)  a stanchion

Correct Answer :   a column

139 .
The property by which a body returns to its original shape after removal of the force, is called____.
A)  ductility
B)  plasticity
C)  malleability
D)  elasticity

Correct Answer :   elasticity

140 .
If a steel rod of 20 mm diameter and 5 metres long elongates by 2.275 mm when subjected to an axial pull of 3000 kg, the stress developed, is_______.
A)  955.41 kg/cm²
B)  95.541 kg/cm²
C)  9.5541 kg/cm²
D)  9554.1 kg/cm²

Correct Answer :   955.41 kg/cm²

141 .
Which of the following stresses are associated with the tightening of a nut on a bolt?

P. Crushing and shear stress in threads
Q. Bending stress due to the bending of bolt
R. Torsional shear stress due to frictional resistance between the nut and the bolt

Select the correct answer using the codes given below :
A)  Only P
A)  
B)  Only R
B)  
C)  P and Q
C)  
D)  P and R
D)  

Correct Answer :   P and Q

Explaination : Bending stress comes when there is some kind of eccentric load. Torsional stress will come when the nut is rotating. Shear stress will come in tightening of a nut on bolt.

142 .
Shear force for a cantilever carrying a uniformly distributed load over its length, is________.
A)  parabola
B)  triangle
C)  rectangle
D)  cubic parabola

Correct Answer :   triangle

143 .
If the width of a simply supported beam carrying an isolated load at its centre is doubled, the deflection of the beam at the centre is changed by__________.
A)  8 times
B)  4 times
C)  2 times
D)  1/2 times

Correct Answer :   8 times

144 .
The range within which a load can be applied on a rectangular column, to avoid any tensile stress, is_________.
A)  one-half of the base
B)  one-fifth of the base
C)  one-third of the base
D)  one-fourth of the base

Correct Answer :   one-third of the base

145 .
In a beam, the neutral plane______.
A)  may be its centre
B)  does not change during deformation
C)  passes through the C.G. of the area of cross-section
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   does not change during deformation

146 .
If a rectangular beam measuring 10 x 18 x 400 cm carries a unformly distributed load such that the bending stress developed is 100 kg/cm². The intensity of the load per metre length, is____.
A)  240 kg
B)  250 kg
C)  260 kg
D)  270 kg

Correct Answer :   270 kg

147 .
The maximum twisting moment a shaft can resist, is the product of the permissible shear stress and_______.
A)  polar modulus
B)  moment of inertia
C)  modulus of rigidly
D)  polar moment of inertia

Correct Answer :   polar modulus

148 .
For a simply supported beam with a central load, the bending moment is______.
A)  least at the centre
B)  least at the supports
C)  maximum at the centre
D)  maximum at the supports

Correct Answer :   maximum at the supports

149 .
For a given material Young's modulus is 200 GN/m² and modulus of rigidity is 80 GN/m². The value of Poisson's ratio is______.
A)  0.15
B)  0.20
C)  0.25
D)  0.30

Correct Answer :   0.25

150 .
The ratio of the moment of inertia of a circular plate and that of a square plate for equal depth, is____.
A)  equal to one
B)  equal to 3π/16
C)  less than one
D)  more than one

Correct Answer :   equal to 3π/16

Explanation : For circular plate, MI = π*d^4/64.

For square plate, MI = d^4/12.

So, Ratio = MI of circular plate/MI of square plate.

= 3*π/16.

151 .
The minimum number of rivets for the connection of a gusset plate, is____.
A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  4

Correct Answer :   2

152 .
In a square beam loaded longitudinally, shear develops_______.
A)  on top fibre along vertical plane
B)  on lower fibre along horizontal plane
C)  on middle fibre along horizontal plane
D)  equally on each fibre along horizontal plane

Correct Answer :   equally on each fibre along horizontal plane

153 .
If the width b and depth d of a beam simply supported with a central load are interchanged, the deflection at the centre of the beam will be changed in the ratio of_____.
A)  (b/d)²
B)  b/d
C)  d/b
D)  (d/b)²

Correct Answer :   (b/d)²

154 .
For a stable frame structure, number of members required, is_______.
A)  twice the number of joints minus one
B)  twice the number of joints minus two
C)  twice the number of joints minus three
D)  three times the number of joints minus three

Correct Answer :   twice the number of joints minus three

155 .
When a rectangular beam is loaded transversely, the maximum compressive stress develops on______.
A)  top fibre
B)  bottom fibre
C)  neutral axis
D)  every cross-section

Correct Answer :   top fibre

156 .
Beams of uniform strength are preferred to those of uniform section because these are economical for_______.
A)  short spans
B)  large spans
C)  heavy weights
D)  light weights

Correct Answer :   large spans

157 .
The moment diagram for a cantilever whose free end is subjected to a bending moment, will be a_______.
A)  triangle
B)  rectangle
C)  parabola
D)  cubic parabola

Correct Answer :   rectangle

158 .
Reactions at the supports of a structure can be determined by equating the algebraic sum of_______.
A)  vertical forces to zero
B)  horizontal forces to zero
C)  moment about any point to zero
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

159 .
For keeping the stress wholly compressive the load may be applied on a circular column anywhere within a concentric circle of diameter________.
A)  d/2
B)  d/3
C)  d/4
D)  d/8

Correct Answer :   d/4

160 .
A triangular section having base b, height h, is placed with its base horizontal. If the shear stress at a depth y from top is q, the maximum shear stress is_____.
A)  3S / bh
B)  4S / bh
C)  4b / Sh
D)  3b / bS

Correct Answer :   3S / bh

161 .
The slenderness ratio of a vertical column of a square cross-section of 2.5 cm sides and 300 cm length, is______.
A)  500
B)  416
C)  360
D)  240

Correct Answer :   416

162 .
A rectangular beam 20 cm wide is subjected to a maximum shearing force of 10, 000 kg, the corresponding maximum shearing stress being 30 kg/cm². The depth of the beam is_____.
A)  15 cm
B)  20 cm
C)  25 cm
D)  30 cm

Correct Answer :   25 cm

163 .
The maximum stress intensity due to a suddenly applied load is x-times the stress intensity produced by the load of the same magnitude applied gradually. The value of x is____.
A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  1/2

Correct Answer :   2

164 .
Strain energy of a member may be equated to_____.
A)  average resistance x displacement
B)  1 / 2 stress x strain x area of its cross-section
C)  1 / 2 stress x strain x volume of the member
D)  1 / 2 (stress)² x volume of the member + Young's modulus E.

Correct Answer :   1 / 2 (stress)² x volume of the member + Young's modulus E.

165 .
Find the strain of a brass rod of length 100mm which is subjected to a tensile load of 50kN when the extension of rod is equal to 0.1mm?
A)  0.01
B)  0.05
C)  0.001
D)  0.005

Correct Answer :   0.001

Explanation : Strain = dL/L = 0.1/100 = 0.001.

166 .
The cross sections of the beams of equal length are a circle and a square whose permissible bending stress are same under same maximum bending. The ratio of their flexural weights is,____.
A)  1.118
B)  1.108
C)  1.228
D)  1.338

Correct Answer :   1.118

167 .
When two plates butt together and are riveted with two cover plates with two rows of rivets, the joint is known as_____.
A)  lap joint
B)  butt join
C)  single riveted single cover butt joint
D)  double riveted double cover butt joint

Correct Answer :   double riveted double cover butt joint

168 .
The moment diagram for a cantilever which is subjected to a uniformly distributed load will be a____.
A)  triangle
B)  parabola
C)  rectangle
D)  cubic parabola

Correct Answer :   parabola

169 .
The areas of cross-section of a square beam and a circular beam subjected to equal bending moments, are same______.
A)  circular beam is more economical
B)  square beam is more economical
C)  both the beams are equally strong
D)  both the beams are equally economical

Correct Answer :   square beam is more economical

170 .
For the same height, the bottom width for no tension,_______.
A)  for triangular section is more than rectangular section
B)  for rectangular section is more than triangular section
C)  for triangular section is same as that of a rectangular section
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   for triangular section is same as that of a rectangular section

171 .
For a beam, if fundamental equations of statics are not sufficient to determine all the reactive forces at the supports, the structure is said to be_____.
A)  determinate
B)  statically determinate
C)  Both (A) and (B)
D)  statically indeterminate

Correct Answer :   statically indeterminate

172 .
The moment diagram for a cantilever carrying linearly varying load from zero at its free end and to maximum at the fixed end will be a______.
A)  triangle
B)  parabola
C)  cubic parabola
D)  rectangle

Correct Answer :   cubic parabola

173 .
The intensity of direct longitudinal stress in the cross-section at any point distant r from the neutral axis, is proportional to_____.
A)  r
B)  r²
C)  1 / r
D)  1 / r²

Correct Answer :   r

174 .
A material of youngs modulus and Poissons ratio of unity is subjected to two principal stresses σ1 and σ2 at a point in two dimensional stress system. The strain energy per unit volume of the material is ________
A)  (σ₁² – σ₂² – 2σ₁σ₂ ) / 2E
B)  (σ₁² + σ₂² – 2σ₁σ₂ ) / 2E
C)  (σ₁² + σ₂² + 2σ₁σ₂ ) / 2E
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   (σ₁² + σ₂² – 2σ₁σ₂ ) / 2E

Explanation : Strain energy = (σ₁ε₁+ σ₁ε₁ ) / 2E

= (σ₁² + σ₂² – 2σ₁σ₂ ) / 2E.

175 .
If forces P, P and P of a system are such that the force polygon does not close, then the system will _______
A)  Be in equilibrium
B)  Reduce to a couple
C)  Reduce to a resultant force
D)  Not be in equilibrium

Correct Answer :   Not be in equilibrium

Explanation : The forces are not concurrent so the resultant force and couple both may be present. Thus the best choice is that forces are not in equilibrium.

176 .
The strain energy in a member is proportional to ______
A)  Product of stress and the strain
B)  Total strain multiplied by the volume of the member
C)  Product of strain and Young’s modulus of the material
D)  The maximum strain multiplied by the length of the member

Correct Answer :   Product of strain and Young’s modulus of the material

Explanation : Strain energy per unit volume for solid = q² / 4G.

177 .
A tensile load of 50kN is gradually applied to a circular bar of 5cm diameter and 5m long. What is the strain energy absorbed by the rod (E = 200GPa)?
A)  15.9 N-m
B)  14 N-m
C)  14 N-mm
D)  15.9 N-mm

Correct Answer :   15.9 N-m

Explanation : Stress = 50,000 / 625π = 25.46

Strain energy = σ²V/2E = 25.46×25.46×9817477 / (2×200000) = 15909.5 N-mm = 15.9 N-m.

178 .
The maximum resistance against rotation, is offered by the weld at a point____.
A)  most distant
B)  least distant
C)  at either end
D)  centrally located.

Correct Answer :   most distant

179 .
For structural analysis of forces, the method refers to______.
A)  three-moment equation
B)  moment-area-theorem
C)  Maxwell's reciprocal theorem
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   moment-area-theorem

180 .
The reaction at the supports will be vertical to the plane of the support if the frame structure rests on_____.
A)  free supports
B)  roller supports
C)  hinged supports
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

181 .
A cylinder is said to be thin if the ratio of its thickness and diameter, is less than______.
A)  1/20
B)  1/15
C)  1/10
D)  1/25

Correct Answer :   1/10

182 .
The shear force on a simply supported beam is proportional to______.
A)  sum of the forces
B)  sum of the transverse forces
C)  displacement of the neutral axis
D)  algebraic sum of the transverse forces of the section

Correct Answer :   algebraic sum of the transverse forces of the section

183 .
An arch with three hinges, is a structure_____.
A)  statically determinate
B)  geometrically unstable
C)  statically indeterminate
D)  structurally sound but indeterminate

Correct Answer :   statically determinate

184 .
A member is balanced at its end by two inclined members carrying equal forces. For equilibrium the angle between the inclined bars must be____.
A)  45°
B)  60°
C)  90°
D)  120°

Correct Answer :   120°

185 .
For a cantilever with a uniformly distributed load W over its entire length L, the maximum bending moment is____.
A)  WL
B)  1/2 WL
C)  1/3 WL
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   1/2 WL

186 .
To ascertain the maximum permissible eccentricity of loads on circular columns, the rule generally followed, is____.
A)  middle half rule of columns
B)  middle third rule of columns
C)  middle fourth rule of columns
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   middle fourth rule of columns

187 .
The neutral axis of a beam cross-section must____.
A)  pass through the centroid of the section
B)  be an axis of symmetry of the section
C)  be equidistant from the top of bottom films
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   pass through the centroid of the section

188 .
In a solid arch, shear force acts_____.
A)  vertically upwards
B)  tangentially to the arch
C)  along the axis of the arch
D)  perpendicular to the axis of arch

Correct Answer :   perpendicular to the axis of arch

189 .
A three hinged arch is loaded with an isolated load 1000 kg at a horizontal distance of 2.5 m from the crown, 1 m above the level of hinges at the supports 10 metres apart. The horizontal thrust is____.
A)  2500 kg
B)  1250 kg
C)  750 kg
D)  125 kg

Correct Answer :   1250 kg

190 .
Pick up the correct assumption of the theory of simple bending _____.
A)  The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic
B)  The resultant pull or thrust on transverse section of a beam is zero
C)  The value of the Young's modulus is the same in tension as well as in compression
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   All of the above

Explanation : * The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic
* The resultant pull or thrust on transverse section of a beam is zero
* The value of the Young's modulus is the same in tension as well as in compression
* Transverse section of a beam remains plane before and after bending

191 .
In case of an eccentric loading on a bracket subjected to moment M, the tangential force developed in any rivet, at right angles to its radius vector r is____.
A)  Mr / ∑r²
B)  ∑r² / Mr
C)  Mr² / ∑r²
D)  √Mr / ∑r²

Correct Answer :   Mr / ∑r²

192 .
The ratio of the maximum deflections of a beam simply supported at its ends with an isolated central load and that of with a uniformly distributed load over its entire length, is____.
A)  2 / 3
B)  3 / 2
C)  24 / 15
D)  15 / 24

Correct Answer :   24 / 15

193 .
The shape of the bending moment diagram over the length of a beam, carrying a uniformly distributed load is always_____.
A)  cubical
B)  parabolic
C)  linear
D)  circular

Correct Answer :   parabolic

194 .
The transverse shear stress acting in a beam of rectangular cross-section, subjected to a transverse shear load, is _________
A)  Uniform
B)  Variable with maximum at the top of the beam
C)  variable with maximum at the bottom of the beam
D)  Variable with maximum on the neutral axis

Correct Answer :   Variable with maximum on the neutral axis

Explanation : Maximum value of shear stress at neutral axis is τ = 3/2 τmean

So, transverse shear stress is variable with a maximum in the neutral axis.

195 .
A block 100mm x 100mm base and 10mm height. What will the direct shear stress in the element when a tangential force of 10kN is applied to the upper edge to a displacement 1mm relative to lower face?
A)  1Pa
B)  1MPa
C)  10MPa
D)  100Pa

Correct Answer :   1MPa

Explanation : Shear stress = 10kN / 100mmx100mm = 1 N/mm² = 1MPa.

196 .
The shape of the bending moment diagram over the length of a beam, carrying a uniformly increasing load, is always____
A)  cubical
B)  linear
C)  circular
D)  parabolic

Correct Answer :   cubical

197 .
When a rectangular beam is loaded longitudinally, shear develops on____.
A)  top fibre
B)  bottom fibre
C)  every-horizontal plane
D)  middle fibre

Correct Answer :   every-horizontal plane

198 .
The tension coefficient of any member is____.
A)  tension per unit area
B)  tension in the member
C)  force divided by the length
D)  tension divided by the length

Correct Answer :   tension divided by the length

199 .
A steel rod of 2 cm diameter and 5 metres long is subjected to an axial pull of 3000 kg. If E = 2.1 x 10⁶, the elongation of the rod will be____.
A)  2.275 mm
B)  0.2275 mm
C)  0.02275 mm
D)  2.02275 mm.

Correct Answer :   0.2275 mm

200 .
The moment diagram for a cantilever carrying a concentrated load at its free end, will be____.
A)  triangle
B)  parabola
C)  rectangle
D)  cubic parabola

Correct Answer :   triangle

201 .
The bending moment is maximum on a section where shearing force_________.
A)  is equal
B)  changes sign
C)  is minimum
D)  is maximum

Correct Answer :   changes sign

202 .
A short masonry pillar is 60 cm x 60 cm in cross-section, the core of the pillar is a square whose side is____.
A)  25.22 cm
B)  20.00 cm
C)  14.14 cm
D)  17.32 cm

Correct Answer :   14.14 cm

203 .
A rectangular log of wood is floating in water with a load of 100 N at its centre. The maximum shear force in the wooden log is____.
A)  50 N at each end
B)  50 N at the centre
C)  100 N at the centre
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   100 N at the centre

204 .
The following assumption is not true in the theory of pure torsion :_______.
A)  The twist along the shaft is uniform
B)  The shaft is of uniform circular section throughout
C)  Cross-section of the shaft, which is plane before twist remains plane after twist
D)  All radii get twisted due to torsion

Correct Answer :   All radii get twisted due to torsion

205 .
The ratio of elongations of a conical bar due to its own weight and that of a prismatic bar of the same length, is_____.
A)  1/3
B)  1/4
C)  1/5
D)  1/6

Correct Answer :   1/3

206 .
A three-hinged arch is said to be :
A)  statically determinate structure
B)  a bent beam
C)  statically indeterminate structure
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   statically determinate structure

207 .
The shape of the bending moment diagram over the length of a beam, having no external load, is always_____.
A)  cubical
B)  linear
C)  circular
D)  parabolic

Correct Answer :   linear

208 .
Slope in the beam at any point is measured in _______
A)  Degrees
B)  Minutes
C)  Radians
D)  Metric tonnes

Correct Answer :   Radians

Explanation : The slope is defined as at any point on the bent beam is the angle measured in terms of radians to which the tangent at that point makes with the x axis.

209 .
Elastic curve is also known as ______
A)  Deflection curve
B)  Random curve
C)  Refraction curve
D)  Reflection curve

Correct Answer :   Deflection curve

Explanation : An elastic curve is defined as the line to which the longitudinal axis of a beam deviates under given load. It is also called a deflection curve.

210 .
Which of the following method is not used for determining slope and deflection at a point?
A)  Macaulay's method
B)  Moment area method
C)  Double integration method
D)  Isoheytal method

Correct Answer :   Isoheytal method

Explanation : The method “Isoheytal” can be used for calculating run-off over an area. The remaining methods are effectively adopted to calculate the slope and deflection at a point in any type of beam.

211 .
Units of deflection are ______
A)  m
B)  kN
C)  kNm
D)  kN/m

Correct Answer :   m

Explanation : The term “deflection” is defined as the transverse displacement of a point on any straight axis to the curved axis. It is expressed in metres (m).

212 .
Which of the following method is used to determine the slope and deflection at a point?
A)  Macaulay's method
B)  Lacey’s method
C)  Arithmetic increase method
D)  Mathematical curve setting

Correct Answer :   Macaulay's method

Explanation : Macaulay's method was devised by Mr WH Macaulay.

Advantages :

* Gives one continuous expression for bending moment
* Constants of integration can be found by using end conditions
* By using this method, slope and deflection at any section can be determined throughout the length of the beam.

213 .
Deflection is denoted by ______
A)  i
B)  y
C)  h
D)  e

Correct Answer :   y

Explanation : The deflection of a point on the axis of the deflected beam is defined as the angle developed in radians with tangent at the section makes with the original axis of the beam.

214 .
The ratio of strengths of solid to hollow shafts, both having outside diameter D and hollow having inside diameter D/2, in torsion, is_____.
A)  1/4
B)  1/16
C)  15/16
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   15/16

215 .
The weakest section of a diamond riveting, is the section which passes through
A)  first row
B)  second row
C)  central raw
D)  one rivet hole of end row.

Correct Answer :   first row

216 .
In a loaded beam, the point of con-traflexture occurs at a section where_______.
A)  bending moment is maximum
B)  shearing force is maximum
C)  shearing force is minimum
D)  bending moment is zero or changes sign

Correct Answer :   bending moment is zero or changes sign

217 .
The point through which the whole weight of the body acts is called _________
A)  Centroid
B)  Central point
C)  Inertial point
D)  Center of gravity

Correct Answer :   Center of gravity

Explanation : The centre of gravity of a body is the point through which the whole weight of the body acts. A body’s center of gravity is the point around which the resultant torque due to gravity forces vanishes. Where a gravity field can be considered to be uniform and the centre of gravity will be the same.

218 .
The point at which the total area of a plane figure is asssumed to be concentrated is called _______
A)  Inertial point
B)  Centroid
C)  Central point
D)  Centre of gravity

Correct Answer :   Centroid

Explanation : The centroid is the point at which the total area of a plane figure is assumed to be concentrated. The centroid and centre of gravity are at the same point.

219 .
Where will be the centre of gravity of a uniform rod lies?
A)  At its end
B)  Depends upon its material
C)  At its middle point
D)  At its centre of its cross sectional area

Correct Answer :   At its middle point

Explanation : The centre of gravity of a uniform rod lies at its middle point. The whole weight of the rod acts through its middle point.

220 .
In a shaft rotated by a couple, the shear force varies________.
A)  from zero at the centre to a maximum at the circumference
B)  equally throughout the section
C)  from maximum at the centre to zero at the circumference
D)  from minimum at the centre of maximum at the circumference

Correct Answer :   from zero at the centre to a maximum at the circumference

221 .
Bond stress for M20 grade concrete in tension is ______
A)  1.2
B)  1.4
C)  1.5
D)  1.8

Correct Answer :   1.2

Explanation : Bond stress is the shear stress acting parallel to the bar on the interface between the reinforcing bar and the surrounding concrete. Hence it is the stress developed between the contact surface of Steel and concrete to keep them together. The value of M20 designs Bond stress is 1.2 in tension.

222 .
The formation of diagonal cracks at junctions is due to ______
A)  Bond stress
B)  Lateral stress
C)  Temperature stress
D)  Shear stress

Correct Answer :   Shear stress

Explanation : Bending is usually accompanied by shear. The combination of shear and bending stresses produces the principle stresses which causes diagonal tension in the beam section. This should be resisted by providing shear reinforcement in the form of vertical stirrups (or) bent up bars along with stirrups.

223 .
Determine the limiting percentage of steel for singly reinforced sections of M20 grade & Fe415.
A)  0.68
B)  0.96
C)  1.76
D)  1.98

Correct Answer :   0.96

Explanation : The limiting percentage of steel for singly reinforced sections of M20 grade & Fe415 is 0.96.

224 .
To ensure economy in dam sections, the ______ should be minimum.
A)  Top width
B)  Toe of the wall
C)  Base width
D)  Spillway length

Correct Answer :   Base width

Explanation : In dams, the economy prevails if the cross section of a dam is provided with minimum base width. Base width “b” can be determined from the equation: b2 +ab+ a2 = H2/ S.

225 .
Calculate the maximum stress at the base section is the self weight is 4400 kN. The top and bottom width of them are 3 and 8 m respectively. Take (e) = 2.97
A)  1658.15 kN/m²
B)  1775.12 kN/m²
C)  1897.45 kN/m²
D)  2336.67 kN/m²

Correct Answer :   1775.12 kN/m²

Explanation : The maximum stress at the base section = W/b (1+6e/b)

P= 4400/8 (1+6×2.97/8)

= 1775.12 kN/m²

226 .
If the maximum stress is positive, then the nature of stress is ____
A)  Tensile
B)  Bending
C)  Shearing
D)  Compressive

Correct Answer :   Compressive

Explanation : If the stress developed in the dam section at the base is positive there it indicates the nature of stress to be compressive.

227 .
When equal and opposite forces applied to a body, tend to elongate it, the stress so produced, is called____.
A)  shear stress
B)  tensile stress
C)  transverse stress
D)  compressive stress

Correct Answer :   tensile stress

228 .
Stress in a beam due to simple bending, is_______.
A)  directly proportional
B)  curvilinearly related
C)  inversely proportional
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   directly proportional

229 .
In rectangular columns (cross-section b x h), the core is a________.
A)  square of length b/2
B)  rhombus of length h/2
C)  rhombus of diagonals b/3 and h/3
D)  rectangle of lengths b/2 and h/2

Correct Answer :   rhombus of diagonals b/3 and h/3

230 .
According to Unwin's formula, the diameter d of a rivet of plate of thickness t is :
A)  d = √5 t
B)  d = √t + 1.5
C)  d = 6.05 √t
D)  d = 1.5 t + 4

Correct Answer :   d = 6.05 √t

231 .
In a bar of large length when held vertically and subjected to a load at its lower end, its own-weight produces additional stress. The maximum stress will be______.
A)  at every point of the bar
B)  at the lower cross-section
C)  at the central cross-section
D)  at the built-in upper cross-section

Correct Answer :   at the built-in upper cross-section

232 .
Struts are load carrying members of a frame structure which are subjected to_____
A)  torsional loads
B)  axial compressive loads
C)  transverse loads
D)  axial tension loads

Correct Answer :   axial compressive loads

233 .
If the thickness of plate is negligible when compared to the diameter of the cylindrical, then it is called _______
A)  Thin cylinder
B)  Thick cylinder
C)  Hoop cylinder
D)  Circumferential cylinder

Correct Answer :   Thin cylinder

Explanation : The thickness of plate is negligible when compared to the diameter of the cylindrical shell, and then it can be termed as a thin cylinder. The radius stress in the cylinder walls is negligible.

234 .
In thin cylinders, the thickness should be ______ times of internal diameter.
A)  1/40
B)  1/30
C)  1/20
D)  1/15

Correct Answer :   1/20

Explanation : In thin shells, the stress distribution over the thickness of the material is assumed to be uniform and the wall thickness is equal to or less than 1/ 20 of the internal diameter.

235 .
Oil tanks, steam boilers, gas pipes are examples of _________
A)  Thin cylinders
B)  Thick shells
C)  Hoop cylinders
D)  Longitudinal cylinders

Correct Answer :   Thin cylinders

Explanation : In thin cylindrical shells, the stresses are uniformly distributed throughout the wall. The type of stresses developed in thin cylinders is hoop stress and longitudinal stress. Ex: water supply mains, oil tanks, steam boilers and gas pipes.

236 .
______ is as the maximum energy that can be absorbed within the proportionality limit.
A)  Resilience
B)  Proof resilience
C)  Impact resilience
D)  Modulus of resilience

Correct Answer :   Proof resilience

Explanation : Proof resilience is defined as the maximum that can be absorbed with in the proportionality limit without creating a permanent distortion.

237 .
The compressive strength of brittle materials is _________ its tensile strength.
A)  Equal to
B)  Less than
C)  As same as
D)  Greater than

Correct Answer :   Greater than

Explanation : The compressive strength of brittle materials is greater than its tensile strength. The tensile strength of ductile material is greater than its compressive strength.

238 .
The breaking stress is ________ the ultimate stress.
A)  Equal to
B)  Less than
C)  As same as
D)  Greater than

Correct Answer :   Less than

Explanation : The stress developed in a material without any permanent stress is called elastic limit and the breaking stress is always less than the ultimate stress.

239 .
_________ is a vertical member subjected to direct compressive force.
A)  Beam
B)  Post
C)  Column
D)  Strut

Correct Answer :   Column

Explanation : A vertical member subjected to direct compressive forces is called a column or pillar. The column transfers the load from the beams or slab to the footings and foundations.

240 .
The inclined member carrying compressive loads is ______
A)  Strut
B)  Post
C)  Column
D)  Stanchion

Correct Answer :   Strut

Explanation : The inclined member carrying compressive load in case of frames and trusses is called as a strut. A strut is a member of a structure in any position carrying an axial load. Strut may be horizontal, inclined or even vertical.

241 .
A built up rolled steel section carrying compressive force is called _______
A)  Post
B)  Strut
C)  Stanchion
D)  Pillar

Correct Answer :   Stanchion

Explanation : A built up rolled Steel section carrying compressive force is known as “stanchion”. A wood member carrying compressive force is called a “post”.

242 .
Resilience can also be termed as _________
A)  Modulus
B)  Tenacity
C)  Stress energy
D)  Strain energy

Correct Answer :   Strain energy

Explanation : The capability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and release that energy upon unloading is known resilience. This resilience is also termed as Strain energy.

243 .
Mathematically, strain energy = _________
A)  Power
B)  Work done
C)  Energy
D)  Young’s Modulus

Correct Answer :   Work done

Explanation : By the principle of work, the amount of strain energy in a body is found. When a load acts on a body there will be deformation, which causes movement of the applied load. This work is done by the applied load.

244 .
Which of the following methods is also known as individual wall method?
A)  Alignment method
B)  Voluminous method
C)  Centre line method
D)  Long wall and short wall method

Correct Answer :   Long wall and short wall method

Explanation : Long wall short wall method is tedious and long lasting. In this method, the length of wall running in one direction are measured first out to out and that of running in the perpendicular direction are measured in to in.

245 .
______ gives the nature and class of work.
A)  Specifications
B)  Tenders
C)  Survey
D)  Estimate

Correct Answer :   Specifications

Explanation : Drawings cannot give every information about materials and quality. The specifications give the nature and class of work, quantity of materials and workmanship. They are very useful during the execution of work.

246 .
________ is a structure made up of several members connected to each other.
A)  Strut
B)  Caisson
C)  Frame
D)  Form work

Correct Answer :   Frame

Explanation : Frame is a structure made up of several members riveted and welded together. The members of the frame are made in such a way that the form angle iron or channel sections.

247 .
A frame which is composed of members just sufficient to keep it in equilibrium, such frame is ________
A)  Redundant frame
B)  Imperfect frame
C)  Perfect frame
D)  Deficient frame

Correct Answer :   Perfect frame

Explanation : A perfect frame is 1 for which the following equation is satisfied m = 2j-3.

A perfect frame is that which is composed of members just sufficient to keep it in equilibrium when loaded without any change.

248 .
In statically determinate structures _______ is independent.
A)  Axial load
B)  Bending moment
C)  Shear force
D)  Shear stress

Correct Answer :   Bending moment

Explanation : If conditions of equilibrium are sufficient to analyse the structure fully, then it is statically determinate structure. In this bending moment at a section is independent of the material of the components of the structure.

249 .
What is the splay provided in splayed wing walls?
A)  120°
B)  90°
C)  60°
D)  45°

Correct Answer :   45°

Explanation : Splayed wing walls permit smooth entry and exit of water under the bridge. The splay is usually provided at 45°. The weep holes are also provided.

250 .
________ is used to produce due to temperature variation in indeterminate structures.
A)  Stresses
B)  Moment
C)  Strains
D)  Deflections

Correct Answer :   Stresses

Explanation : Statically indeterminate structures need some extra conditions for the further simplification. Normally stresses are produced due to variation in indeterminate beams.

251 .
The longitudinal rise or fall off road surface along its length is ______
A)  Gradient
B)  Camber
C)  Carriage way
D)  Super elevation

Correct Answer :   Gradient

Explanation : The gradient is defined as the longitudinal rise or fall off road surface love its length is expressed as ratio 1 vertical: n horizontal or as a percentage.

252 .
According to IRC, the height of the object is taken to the height of ____mm.
A)  600 mm
B)  350 mm
C)  200 mm
D)  100 mm

Correct Answer :   100 mm

Explanation : Sight distance is an important requirement for the safety of travel on highways the height of the object is taken to be at a depth of 100 mm above road.

253 .
What is the minimum shoulder width provided for village roads?
A)  1 m
B)  0.5 m
C)  1.25 m
D)  1.4 m

Correct Answer :   0.5 m

Explanation : The minimum shoulder width provided for village roads is 0.5m.

254 .
In case of vertical curves, the ____________ are taken above the road.
A)  Summit
B)  Gradient
C)  Earth quantities
D)  Super elevation

Correct Answer :   Earth quantities

Explanation : The line of sight of a driver above the road is taken as 1.2m. The height of the object is taken to be height of 100 mm. Sight distance is an important resource requirement for the safety of travel. The designing layout plays a very vital role.

255 .
___ provide gradual introduction of super elevation.
A)  Joint curves
B)  Summit curves
C)  Transition curves
D)  Adjoining curves

Correct Answer :   Transition curves

Explanation : The transition curves are necessary for a vehicle to have smooth entry of straight section into circular curve. They provide aesthetic experience of the road. They provide a graduate introduction of super elevation.

256 .
Calculate the slope at supports, if the area is 180kNm2. Take flexural rigidity as 50000.
A)  0.0036 radians
B)  0.0072 radians
C)  0.0054 radians
D)  0.108 radians

Correct Answer :   0.0036 radians

Explanation : Maximum slope at supports be i = A/EI
= 180/50000
i = 0.0036 radians.

257 .
In cantilever beams, the slope is _____ at fixed end.
A)  Zero
B)  Minimum
C)  Maximum
D)  Uniform

Correct Answer :   Zero

Explanation : The slope in cantilever beam is zero at the fixed end of the cantilever and the slope is maximum at it’s free end. The slope is determined in the moment area method through Mohr’s theorems.

258 .
Slope is maximum at _______ in simply supported beams.
A)  Supports
B)  Mid span
C)  Through out
D)  At point of loading

Correct Answer :   Mid span

Explanation : In case simply supported beams, the slope is maximum at the end supports of the beam and relatively zero at midspan of a symmetrically loaded beam.

259 .
Using Mohr's theorem, calculate the maximum slope of a cantilever beam if the bending moment area diagram is 90kNm². Take EI = 4000 kNm²
A)  0.066 radians
B)  0.0455 radians
C)  0.0367 radians
D)  0.0225 radians

Correct Answer :   0.0225 radians

Explanation : The maximum slope at free support (in cantilever beam) = i = A/EI
= 90/4000
= 0.0225 radians.

260 .
___________ provides employment to the cultivators at the time of famine.
A)  Link canal
B)  Inundation canal
C)  Protective canal
D)  Productive canal

Correct Answer :   Protective canal

Explanation : The construction of protective canals and their development may be started during summer in hence they provide employment to the farmers at the time of drought and famine. Protective canals are not remunerative as productive canals.

261 .
___________ bricks are used in the lining of blast furnaces.
A)  Bauxite
B)  Fly ash
C)  Dolomite
D)  Magnesia

Correct Answer :   Dolomite

Explanation : Dolomite bricks are made especially from dolomite it contains nearly 30% lime and 22% of magnesium these bricks are inferior to magnesite bricks. They are generally used in the lining of blast furnaces.

262 .
_______ bricks are resistant to corrosion.
A)  bauxite bricks
B)  fire bricks
C)  silica bricks
D)  magnesia bricks

Correct Answer :   bauxite bricks

Explanation : Bauxite bricks contain nearly 75% of aluminium and it is mixed with fire clay 15 to 30% and added some water to mould. High alumina bricks are resistant to corrosion.

263 .
Calculate the deflection if the slope is 0.0225 radians. Take the distance of centre of gravity of bending moment to free end as 2 metres.
A)  49mm
B)  45mm
C)  35mm
D)  28mm

Correct Answer :   45mm

Explanation : The deflection at any point on the elastic curve equal to Ax/EI

But, we know that A/EI is already slope equation.

So, slope × (the distance of centre of gravity of bending moment to free end = 2m).

0.0225 × 2

0.045m ~ 45 mm.

264 .
Which of the following is not a cross drainage work?
A)  Aqueduct
B)  Super passage
C)  Level crossing
D)  Head regulator

Correct Answer :   Head regulator

Explanation : The head regulator is one of the canal regulation works. It can control the entry of silt into the canal. It can be used as a metre for measuring the discharge. It can shut out river floods.

265 .
Tail escape is also called as _______
A)  Outlet
B)  Weir type escape
C)  Surplus escape
D)  Cross regulator

Correct Answer :   Weir type escape

Explanation : The crest of the weir is fixed at canal FSL. When the water level rises above FSL, it is disposed of into the natural drain. Hence, the tale escape is also known as weir type escape.

266 .
Which of the following is not a soil moisture conservation method?
A)  By mulches
B)  Crop rotation
C)  Recharge to ground water
D)  Spreading manure

Correct Answer :   Recharge to ground water

Explanation : The methods which are adopted for preserving the water in the soil from being lost are called as soil moisture conservation methods. The major part of the water is lost through evapotranspiration. The recharge to groundwater is one of the techniques in rainwater harvesting.

267 .
Warabandi has been practiced in India for more than _____ years.
A)  125 years
B)  130 years
C)  140 years
D)  145 years

Correct Answer :   125 years

Explanation : Warabandi is a rotational method for allocation of the available water equally in an irrigation system. It provides continuous rotation of water generally lasts 7 days. It has been effectively practiced in India for more than 125 years.

268 .
Gold, Copper and lead are the examples of ______
A)  Plasticity
B)  Creep
C)  Ductility
D)  Malleability

Correct Answer :   Plasticity

Explanation : Plasticity in the property of Material by which the material can undergo permanent deformation and fails to regain its original shape on removal of load. Examples are gold, lead, etc.

269 .
_________ bricks are used in the lining of electric furnace.
A)  Basic
B)  Chrome
C)  Frosterite
D)  Spinel

Correct Answer :   Spinel

Explanation : The spinal bricks belong to neutral bricks. The spinel bricks mainly consist of alumina and magnesia. These bricks are widely used in the lining of electric furnace.

270 .
Calculate the limiting depth of the neutral axis for mild steel of effective depth 400 mm.
A)  212mm
B)  318mm
C)  435mm
D)  556mm

Correct Answer :   212mm

Explanation : The limiting depth of neutral axis Fe 250 steel is
Xu (max) = 0.53 × d ( for Fe250)
= 0.53 × 400
= 212mm.

271 .
The standard __________ are provided in deformed bars.
A)  Lugs
B)  Anglets
C)  Bends
D)  Fillets

Correct Answer :   Bends

Explanation : In situations, where straight anchorage length cannot be provided due to lack of space. To improve the anchorage of bars, standard bends are provided in deformed bars.

272 .
A slab supporting only in two edges opposite to each other is ______
A)  Continuous slab
B)  Cantilever slab
C)  One way slab
D)  Two way slab

Correct Answer :   One way slab

Explanation : If the ratio of the longest span the shorter span is greater than 2 or A slab supporting only in two edges (opposite to each other) is called one way slab. This slab spans across shorter span practically.

273 .
Generally in residential buildings, the width of stay is kept as __________
A)  4m
B)  3m
C)  2m
D)  1m

Correct Answer :   1m

Explanation : The stair consists of series of steps with landings at appropriate intervals. The width of stair depends upon the type of building in which it is provided. Generally, in residential buildings, the width of stair is 1 m.

274 .
Determine the eccentricity of the dam section, if the base width of the dam be 6m. Take Z = 5.5m.
A)  1.5 m
B)  2.5 m
C)  3.5 m
D)  4.5 m

Correct Answer :   2.5 m

Explanation : e = Z – b/2. [The value of Z = 5.5m] = 5.5 – 6/2
= 5.5 – 3
= 2.5 m.

275 .
The side slopes depend on ____________ conditions of a proposed dam.
A)  Character of material
B)  Toe width
C)  Height of foundation
D)  Free board allowance

Correct Answer :   Character of material

Explanation : The upstream and downstream slopes of the Dam should be stable in all situations the side slopes depend upon

1.Height of the dam
2.Character of material
3.Nature of foundation.

276 .
A solid cube is subjected to equal normal forces on all its faces. The volumetric strain will be x-times the linear strain in any of the three axes when
A)  x = 4
B)  x = 3
C)  x = 2
D)  x = 1

Correct Answer :   x = 3

277 .
n and j are numbers of members and joints in a frame. It contains redundant members if
A)  n = 2j - 3
A)  
B)  n < 2j - 3
B)  
C)  n > 2j - 3
C)  
D)  n = 3j - 2
D)  

Correct Answer :   n > 2j - 3

278 .
In a three hinged arch, the third hinge is generally kept at________.
A)  midpoint of the crown and left support hinge
B)  midpoint of the crown and right support hinge
C)  crown of the arch
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   crown of the arch

279 .
A bending moment may be defined as :
A)  Algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces on either side of the section
B)  Arithmetic sum of the forces on either side of the section
C)  Arithmetic sum of the moments of all the forces on either side of the section
D)  None of the above

Correct Answer :   Algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces on either side of the section

280 .
The property of a material by which it can be beaten or rolled into thin plates, is called
A)  ductility
B)  plasticity
C)  elasticity
D)  malleability

Correct Answer :   malleability

281 .
For structural analysis, Maxwell's reciprocal theorem can be applied to :
A)  elastic structures
B)  plastic structures
C)  symmetrical structures
D)  All of the above

Correct Answer :   elastic structures

282 .
A simply supported beam (l + 2a) with equal overhangs (a) carries a uniformly distributed load over the whole length, the B.M. changes sign if
A)  l = 2a
A)  
B)  l = 4a
B)  
C)  l > 2a
C)  
D)  l < 2a
D)  

Correct Answer :   l > 2a

283 .
The type of butt joints in common use, is :
A)  double V-butt joint
B)  double U-butt joint
C)  single V-butt joint
D)  single inverted V-butt joint

Correct Answer :   single inverted V-butt joint

284 .
Hydraulic depth is a ratio of wetted area to _____
A)  Bottom width
B)  Top width
C)  Radius
D)  Diameter

Correct Answer :   Top width

Explanation : Hydraulic depth is the ratio of wetted area to the top with (T). It is denoted by D
D = A/T.

285 .
_______ are used to change the water level in a canal.
A)  Check gates
B)  Scour gates
C)  Lock gates
D)  Sluice gates

Correct Answer :   Lock gates

Explanation : Gates which are used to change the water level in a canal or a river are known as lock gates. If a canal or a river has a vertical fall at any section, it is necessary to raise or lower the water level in order to transfer the boat from upper water level to lower one.

286 .
The flow of water is controlled in hydraulic structures by _______
A)  Sluice gates
B)  Lock gates
C)  Drain gates
D)  Check gates

Correct Answer :   Sluice gates

Explanation : In hydraulic structures, the openings are provided to carry water from its storage place to place of utilisation. The flow of water through such openings is controlled by means of sluice gates.

287 .
The ductility of a material is __________ to the increase in percentage reduction in an area.
A)  equal
B)  uniform
C)  directly proportional
D)  inversely proportional

Correct Answer :   inversely proportional

Explanation : The ductility of material increases with the increase in percentage reduction in area of a specimen under tensile stress.

288 .
The odour of water can be determined by ______
A)  Osmoscope
B)  Sonoscope
C)  Thermometer
D)  Jackson turbidometer

Correct Answer :   Osmoscope

Explanation : The main causes of odour in water are algae, sewage and dissolved gases. Taste and odour can also be expressed in terms of odour density. Odour can be estimated by osmoscope.

289 .
The colour of water is expressed in terms of ____
A)  Ppm
B)  pH value
C)  Silica scale
D)  Platinum cobalt scale

Correct Answer :   Platinum cobalt scale

Explanation : Colour is caused by the presence of colloidal substance is aquatic growth etc. in water should be distinguished from turbidity which is termed as apparent colour. The colour is expressed in Platinum Cobalt scale. Colour may be removed by coagulation and adsorption method.

290 .
The process of removing chlorine from water is known as _______
A)  Re chlorination
B)  De chlorination
C)  Pre chlorination
D)  Post chlorination

Correct Answer :   De chlorination

Explanation : De chlorination means removing the chlorine from the water this is generally required when super chlorination has been practiced.

291 .
The sand used for filtration should not lose weight more than ________ when placed in Hcl for 24 hours.
A)  20 %
B)  15 %
C)  10 %
D)  5 %

Correct Answer :   5 %

Explanation : According to the board of Indian Standards [BIS], the sand which is used for filtration process should not lose weight more than 5% when placed in hydrochloric acid for one day (24 hours).

292 .
Cleaning period of slow sand filter is taken as __________
A)  1 to 2 hours
B)  1 to 3 days
C)  1 to 3 weeks
D)  1 to 3 months

Correct Answer :   1 to 3 months

Explanation : For the purpose of cleaning the top layer of sand is removed to a depth of 15 mm to 25 mm. The water is admitted to the filter the cleaning interval varies from 1 to 3 months.

293 .
In foundation concrete, coarse aggregate size should be ______
A)  20 mm
B)  30 mm
C)  40 mm
D)  50 mm

Correct Answer :   40 mm

Explanation : Generally foundation concrete is laid about thickness of 30 cm with proportion 1:4:8 (or) 1:5:10 and are measured in m³.

Before laying the concrete bed level, sand filling and sinking must be done and checked properly.

294 .
_______ coat develop resistant texture.
A)  Seal coat
B)  Tack coat
C)  Open coat
D)  Prime coat

Correct Answer :   Seal coat

Explanation : Seal code is final coat lay over bituminous pavements which are not impervious. Seal coat develops skid resistant texture and they provide better riding surface.

295 .
Which of the following is the weakest part in the railway track?
A)  Lugs
B)  Rail joint
C)  Plates
D)  Spikes

Correct Answer :   Rail joint

Explanation : The joint which is made between two rails together with two fish plates and four fish bolts to form an expansion gap of 1.5 to 3 mm. Rail joint is the weakest part in the railway track.

296 .
Sabotage problem is eliminated in ______
A)  Dog spike
B)  Screw spike
C)  Polar spike
D)  Round spike

Correct Answer :   Screw spike

Explanation : Holding capacity of rails to sleepers is more and costly. Hence screw spike is used in driving and extraction. Though it is costly and time consuming, the sabotage problem is eliminated due to screw spike.

297 .
The Wheels of Rolling stock have slope ________
A)  1 in 10
B)  1 in 15
C)  1 in 20
D)  1 in 30

Correct Answer :   1 in 20

Explanation : The wheels of rolling stock are made in the shape of a frustum of a cone having a slope of 1 in 20 is known as coning of wheels. The objective of coning of wheels is to prevent lateral movement of trains in straight track.

298 .
______ are transverse ties on which the rails are laid.
A)  Clips
B)  Lugs
C)  Spikes
D)  Sleepers

Correct Answer :   Sleepers

Explanation : Sleepers are transverse ties on which the rails are laid and transfer the load from rails to ballast. The main function of a sleeper is to provide a firm and even support to rails.

299 .
Molitor's formula can be used for calculation of ______
A)  Wave height
B)  Base drop
C)  Freeboard
D)  Toe width

Correct Answer :   Wave height

Explanation : The minimum height of the free board for wave action is generally taken to be equal to 1.5 hw. Where hw = height of wave action.

It can be calculated using 0.032(VF)½.

300 .
__________ sections allow the surplus discharge to flow in dams.
A)  Mulching
B)  Breaching
C)  Balanced
D)  Over reinforced

Correct Answer :   Breaching

Explanation : Sometimes during construction, the surplus works are avoided in many tanks. In such circumstances, breaching sections are provided in the dams to allow the surplus flood discharge. With this the scouring of section can be avoided.

301 .
High turbidity of water can be determined by ______
A)  Turbidity rod
B)  Hellipe turbidometer
C)  Baylis turbidometer
D)  Jackson’s turbidometer

Correct Answer :   Baylis turbidometer

Explanation : The turbidity of potable water should be within 10 PPM or with in 10 units on the silica scale. High turbidity of water can be determined by Jackson turbidity metre and low turbidity of water can be determined by baylis turbidity metre.

302 .
The maximum permissible total solid content in water for domestic purposes should not exceed.
A)  500 ppm
B)  600 ppm
C)  850 ppm
D)  1000 ppm

Correct Answer :   500 ppm

Explanation : Analytically, the total solids content of water is defined as all the matter that remains as residue upon evaporation. The standards for drinking water is acceptable limit is 500 ppm.

303 .
E – coli was formerly known as ________
A)  G. Coli
B)  F. Coli
C)  R. Coli
D)  B. Coli

Correct Answer :   B. Coli

Explanation : The pathogenic bacteria are generally inherent in the qualifying group of Bacteria of which the bacillus coli (B. Coli) now called as Escherichia coli (E.Coli ) is prominent.

304 .
What is the desirable limit for sulphates in drinking water?
A)  180 ng/L
B)  150 mg/L
C)  230 mg/L
D)  340 mg/L

Correct Answer :   150 mg/L

Explanation : Sulphates ion is one of the major ions occurring in natural waters. In drinking water, sulphate causes a laxative effect and leads to scale formation in boilers. The desirable limit in drinking water is 150 mg /L.

305 .
The dosage of ozone is about ________ ppm residual ozone.
A)  Zero
B)  1 to 5 ppm
C)  2 to 3 ppm
D)  2 to 4 ppm

Correct Answer :   2 to 3 ppm

Explanation : Ozone easily breaks down with oxygen and releases nascent oxygen which is powerful in killing bacteria. It also reduces organic matter present in the water the dosage of ozone is about 2 to 3 ppm.

306 .
The efficiency of slow sand filter is about _________
A)  85 %
B)  90 %
C)  95 %
D)  99 %

Correct Answer :   99 %

Explanation : The slow sand filters remove suspended and bacterial impurities to an extent of 98 to 99%. It requires a large area and unsuitable for treating high turbid water.

307 .
Major distributaries discharge varies from _______
A)  0.25 to 5 cumecs
B)  2 to 4 cumecs
C)  1.5 to 5 cumecs
D)  1.2 to 5 cumecs

Correct Answer :   0.25 to 5 cumecs

Explanation : The major distributary takes off from a branch canal to distribute the water to various parts of the field. The supply of the water varies from 0.25 to 5 cumecs.

308 .
The upstream slope recommended for sand and gravel with RCC core wall is ______
A)  2.5:1
B)  1:2
C)  3:1
D)  1.5:1

Correct Answer :   2.5:1

Explanation : According to Terazghi, the following upstream slopes should be recommended.

1. Homogeneous well graded – 2.5 : 1
2. Homogeneous coarse silt – 3 : 1
3. Sand and gravel with RCC core wall – 2.5 : 1.

309 .
The structures constructed along are distributaries are called as _______
A)  Inlets
B)  Outlets
C)  Channels
D)  Distributaries

Correct Answer :   Outlets

Explanation : An outlet is a simple and small irrigation structure which is constructed along the distributaries. The amount of water that is withdrawn through the outlet is in proportion to the area that is irrigated below respective point.

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