Why are turbulence models used?

A)
Model hypersonic flows
B)
Define reynolds stress for closure problems
C)
Closure of continuity equation
D)
Lack of system to accurately find turbulent flow characteristic

Correct Answer :   Define reynolds stress for closure problems


Explanation : While solving Navier’s Stokes equation for turbulent flow which governs the velocity, pressure of the fluid, the quantity is decomposed into mean and fluctuating components. While solving these using RANS equation, we get a reynolds stress term that needs to be closed in order to solve it. Hence we make use of turbulence modeling which defines these reynolds stresses in terms of the known averaged quantities.