Who are not required to contact the ATM for navigation?

Correct Answer : Option (B) :   VFR

Explanation : VFR flights usually involve small aircraft operated for personal or business purposes. Navigation may be by visual reference to the ground and aircraft attitude control may be based solely on the natural horizon visible through the windscreen of the aircraft.

Correct Answer : Option (C) :   ATM operator

Explanation : In controlled airspace, the crew must operate in accordance with instructions received from ATM authorities, and these authorities are responsible for separating the aircraft from all other IFR aircraft.

Correct Answer : Option (D) :   VFR operator

Explanation : Visual Flight Rules operator are responsible for avoiding collisions with obstacles, terrain and other aircraft by visually observing these hazards and maintaining visual separations. VFR operators are not required to contact ATM authorities and are not subject to their directions.