The area of the concrete in compression plus the area of reinforcement transferred on the basis of modular ratio, is called_______.

cracked section

equivalent section

transferred section

All of the above

Correct Answer : cracked section

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Bearing stiffener in a plate girder is used to_____.

Prevent excessive deflection

Prevent buckling of web

Decrease the effective depth of web

Transfer the load from the top flange to the bottom one

Correct Answer : Option (B) : Prevent buckling of web

The bracing between two columns of a steel tank will be designed to resist_______.

Horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake only

Column loads + full horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake

Column loads + 2.5% of horizontal shear due to wind or earthquake

Horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads

Correct Answer : Option (D) : Horizontal, shear due to wind or earthquake + 2.5% of column loads

Generally the purlins are placed at the panel points so as to avoid______.

Deflection of rafter

Axial force in rafter

Bending moment in rafter

Shear force in rafter

Correct Answer : Option (C) : Bending moment in rafter