November - 2024 Current Affairs

Correct Answer :   Dadasaheb Phalke

---

Indian cinema, also known as Bollywood for its Hindi films, is one of the largest film industries in the world. It produces a wide range of movies in multiple languages, showcasing diverse cultures, stories, and art forms. It has a rich history and continues to influence global entertainment. In this article, we will know about the person who is known as “Father of Indian Cinema.”

Father of Indian Cinema :

Dadasaheb Phalke is called the “Father of Indian Cinema.” He was the first person to make a full-length feature film in India, and his work laid the foundation for the Indian film industry. His story is inspiring and shows how passion and dedication can create something that lasts forever.

Early Life of Dadasaheb Phalke :

Dadasaheb Phalke was born in 1870 as Dhundiraj Phalke in a Marathi family in Trimbak, which was part of the Bombay Presidency (now Maharashtra). He studied at Sir JJ School of Arts in Bombay, where he took a one-year drawing course in 1885. To support his family, he worked as a draftsman and architect.

Inspiration to Create Cinema :

Phalke was deeply inspired to enter the world of films after watching a movie called The Life of Christ in 1906. This film showed the story of Jesus Christ, and Phalke thought about how Hindu gods, like Rama and Krishna, could be shown in a similar way on screen. This idea led him to make the first-ever Indian feature film.

Dadasaheb Phalke’s Work and Achievements :

In 1913, Phalke made Raja Harischandra, which is considered India’s first full-length feature film. It was a silent movie that told the story of the legendary king Harischandra from Hindu mythology. This movie became a huge success and opened the doors for Indian cinema.

Phalke was not just a director but also a producer, screenwriter, editor, and distributor. He was involved in every part of filmmaking and worked hard to ensure his vision came true. His creativity and hard work helped him build the foundation of the film industry in India.

Legacy of Dadasaheb Phalke :

Dadasaheb Phalke’s contribution to Indian cinema is so important that the Government of India introduced the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1969. This award honors people who have made significant contributions to Indian cinema. The award includes a golden lotus (Swarna Kamal) shawl and ?1,000,000 (around US$12,000).

Phalke’s legacy lives on through the award, the growth of Indian cinema, and the many filmmakers who were inspired by his work.

Correct Answer :   Guyana

---

The country known as the “Land of Many Waters” is Guyana. This name comes from the indigenous word “Guiana,” meaning “land of water.” Guyana is famous for its rivers, waterfalls, and wetlands, which make up a big part of its natural beauty.

Ladn of Many Waters :

Guyana, a beautiful country in the northeastern part of South America, is famously called the “Land of Many Waters.” This nickname comes from the native Amerindian word guiana, which means “land of water.” The name perfectly fits Guyana because of its countless rivers, creeks, and streams that shape its landscape and culture.

Why is Guyana Known as the Land of Many Waters?

Guyana is called the “Land of Many Waters” because it has numerous rivers, creeks, and streams that flow across the country. The name comes from the Amerindian word guiana, meaning “land of water.” With over 80% of its land covered in forests and famous waterfalls like Kao, water shapes Guyana’s beauty and identity.

Location of Guyana :

Guyana is located in South America, on the northeastern coast. It is a former British colony, making it the only English-speaking country in the region. Despite its location in South America, Guyana is often considered culturally Caribbean due to its history and ties with the West Indies.

Guyana’s Unique Culture :

Guyana’s culture reflects its British and Dutch colonial past, along with Caribbean influences. The country is a mix of various traditions and foods, making it unique.

Traditional Dishes :

* Guyanese Pepperpot : A national dish made by simmering meat in spices and cassava extract.
* Cassava and sweet potatoes, popular in Caribbean cuisine.
* Chow Mein, influenced by Chinese immigrants.
* Fresh fish and seafood from the coast.

Correct Answer :   Chandigarh

---

Chandigarh, a Union Territory in northern India, is known as the "City Beautiful." Designed by French architect Le Corbusier, it is India's first planned city. Famous for its clean roads, greenery, and attractions like Rock Garden and Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh truly stands out.

Indian States and Union Territories :

India has 28 states and 8 Union Territories, each with its own government and unique identity. States have more autonomy, while Union Territories are directly governed by the Central Government. Together, they showcase India’s rich diversity in culture, language, traditions, and natural beauty.

Which Union Territory is Known as the Beautiful City?

Chandigarh, a Union Territory in northern India, is known as the “City Beautiful.” Designed by French architect Le Corbusier, it is India’s first planned city. Famous for its clean roads, greenery, and attractions like Rock Garden and Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh truly stands out.

Why is Chandigarh Known as the Beautiful City?

Chandigarh is called the “Beautiful City” for its clean, organized design and lush greenery. Planned by French architect Le Corbusier, it was India’s first modern city. Wide roads, parks like Rose Garden, and attractions like Rock Garden and Sukhna Lake add to its charm, making it unique and visually appealing.

Location of Chandigarh:

Chandigarh is situated in northern India at the foothills of the Shivalik range. Although it is a union territory, it functions as the shared capital for the neighboring states of Punjab and Haryana.

Features of Chandigarh :

The city stands out for its clean roads, well-organized infrastructure, and lush green spaces. It boasts numerous parks, tree-lined residential areas, and vibrant shopping complexes, making it a delightful place to live and visit.

Tourist Attractions in Chandigarh :

Chandigarh attracts many visitors with its famous landmarks, such as:

* Rock Garden : A unique garden filled with sculptures made from industrial and household waste.
* Rose Garden : Asia’s largest rose garden, featuring a stunning collection of roses.
* Sukhna Lake : A serene man-made lake ideal for boating and relaxing.

Correct Answer :   November 29

---

Every year on November 29, the world observes International Jaguar Day to raise awareness about the significance of jaguars and the urgent need for their conservation.

As apex predators in the Americas, jaguars (scientifically known as Panthera onca) are vital to maintaining ecological balance. However, their survival is increasingly threatened, making this day an important occasion for action and advocacy.

History of International Jaguar Day :

International Jaguar Day was established in 2018 as part of a global effort to conserve the species. The initiative was spearheaded by Panthera, an organization dedicated to wild cat conservation, in collaboration with governments and conservation groups.

The chosen date, November 29, commemorates the adoption of the Jaguar Corridor Initiative—a groundbreaking program aimed at protecting jaguar habitats across 18 countries from Mexico to Argentina. This initiative ensures that jaguars can roam freely in their natural environments, maintaining their vital role in ecosystem balance.

Significance of Jaguars :

The jaguar is the largest big cat in the Americas and the third-largest globally, following tigers and lions. Beyond their majestic appearance, jaguars are keystone species, meaning their presence and activities help regulate prey populations and sustain ecosystem health.

International Jaguar Day highlights :

* Ecological Importance : Jaguars play a critical role in controlling prey populations, preventing overgrazing and maintaining biodiversity.
* Conservation Initiatives : The day raises awareness about efforts like protected reserves and wildlife corridors.
* Community Engagement : It encourages governments, organizations, and individuals to contribute to conservation efforts through advocacy, funding, and sustainable practices.

Threats to Jaguar Survival

Despite their importance, jaguars face several challenges, including:

* Habitat Loss : Deforestation for agriculture, urban development, and logging has reduced over 40% of their historical range.
* Human-Wildlife Conflicts : As human settlements encroach on jaguar territory, retaliatory killings occur when jaguars prey on livestock.
* Illegal Hunting : Jaguars are hunted for their pelts, teeth, and bones, used in traditional medicine or as status symbols.
* Climate Change : Altered weather patterns and shrinking water sources disrupt their habitats.
* Infrastructure Projects : Roads, dams, and other developments fragment habitats, preventing jaguars from accessing food and mates.

How to Contribute to Jaguar Conservation :

There are several ways individuals and organizations can support jaguar conservation :

* Donate : Contribute to organizations like Panthera and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), which actively protect jaguar populations and habitats.
* Promote Sustainable Practices : Support farming and forestry methods that minimize habitat destruction.
* Spread Awareness : Use social media platforms to educate others about the importance of jaguars and the threats they face.
* Responsible Tourism : Visit wildlife reserves ethically, ensuring your contribution benefits local conservation efforts and economies.

Correct Answer :   $98 million

---

India has secured a $98 million loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to enhance horticulture productivity by promoting plant health management. This initiative aligns with the Government of India’s Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme (CPP) and aims to increase crop yields, improve quality, and build resilience against climate change.

The funding will focus on the establishment of disease-free planting material systems, which will benefit farmers through access to high-quality planting materials. The project will be overseen by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, in partnership with the National Horticulture Board and Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Key Project Details :

* Loan Agreement : Signed by Juhi Mukherjee, Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Finance, and Kai Wei Yeo from ADB’s India Mission.

* Objective : To support the establishment of clean plant centres, equipped with advanced diagnostic facilities for disease-free plant materials.

* Focus Areas : Improving crop yield and quality, enhancing farmers’ resilience to climate change, and developing regulatory frameworks for plant health management.

* Collaboration : The project will work closely with private nurseries, researchers, state governments, and growers’ associations to ensure long-term sustainability.

Alignment with Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme :

* The initiative is part of the broader Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Programme, which aims to bolster India’s horticulture sector through better plant health management and the establishment of disease-free planting systems.

* Expected Outcomes : Increased crop productivity, climate resilience, and a strengthened regulatory framework for plant health management.

Correct Answer :   Sonipat

---

Sonipat, a district in Haryana, is often referred to as the "Golden City" due to its rich historical connection to the Mahabharata period. The name Sonipat itself hints at this golden history, with its roots in ancient Sanskrit.

Haryana, a state rich in history and mythology, has several districts that hold significance in Indian epics. Among these, Sonipat is famously known as the “Golden City” of the Mahabharata period. This district is considered a sacred land, deeply connected to ancient stories and spiritual importance.

An Overview of Haryana :

Haryana is a state in northern India, formed on November 1, 1966, after the reorganization of Punjab. It covers 1.4% of India’s area and shares its capital, Chandigarh, with Punjab. Faridabad is the most populated city, and Gurgaon is a major financial and tech hub in the country.

Administrative Divisions of Haryana :

Haryana is divided into 6 administrative divisions, 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks, 154 cities and towns, 7,356 villages, and 6,222 village panchayats.

The Golden City of Mahabharata Period in Haryana :

Sonipat, a district in Haryana, is often referred to as the “Golden City” due to its rich historical connection to the Mahabharata period. The name Sonipat itself hints at this golden history, with its roots in ancient Sanskrit.

Why is Sonipat known as the Golden City of Mahabharata Period?

Sonipat is known as the “Golden City” of the Mahabharata period because its name comes from the Sanskrit words Svarna (gold) and Prastha (place), meaning “Golden Place.” It is mentioned in the Mahabharata as one of the five villages demanded by the Pandavas from Duryodhana. The city’s historical importance and connections to the epic contribute to this title.

Name of Sonipat :

The name “Sonipat” is derived from two Sanskrit words: Svarna (meaning gold) and Prastha (meaning place). This combination leads to the meaning “Golden Place” or “Golden City.” Originally, the city was called “Sonprastha,” which later evolved into “Svarnaprastha.”

Historical Significance of Sonipat :

Sonipat holds a special place in Indian history, especially in the Mahabharata. It is mentioned in the epic as one of the five villages that the Pandavas requested from Duryodhana. According to some traditions, the city was founded by Raja Soni, who was believed to be a descendant of Arjuna, one of the five Pandava brothers. He named the city after himself, giving rise to its golden legacy.

Correct Answer :   Varanasi

---

The 13th National Seed Congress 2024 is being held at the International Rice Research Institute South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC) in Varanasi from November 28 to 30, 2024.

Organized by the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, this event brings together over 700 delegates from various sectors to discuss innovations, collaborations, and strategies for enhancing the seed industry.

Key themes include leveraging biodiversity, public-private partnerships, and technology for food security and climate resilience. Important initiatives, such as the Rice Fallow Atlas, were also launched to optimize crop planning and improve food security in Eastern India.

Correct Answer :   Amit Garg

---

Amit Garg, HPCL's Director (Marketing), was recommended for the CMD position by the MoPNG's Search-cum-Selection Committee.

With over 35 years of experience in the oil and gas sector, including expertise in sourcing, logistics, and sales, Garg has demonstrated significant leadership capabilities.

He assumed the Director (Marketing) role in December 2023 and participated in the CMD selection process, which concluded on November 13, 2024.

Correct Answer :   Bosnia & Herzegovina

---

The 4th Foreign Office Consultations between India and Bosnia & Herzegovina took place in Sarajevo, aiming to strengthen bilateral ties in politics, economics, science, and culture.

The discussions emphasized trade, investment, technology partnerships, and cultural exchanges, including student programs and tourism promotion.

Both nations reviewed regional developments and global cooperation through platforms like BRICS, the UN, and NAM.

Celebrating 30 years of diplomatic ties in 2025, the two sides committed to deepening their relationship and agreed to host the next consultation in New Delhi, further enhancing their strategic partnership.

Correct Answer :   IIT Guwahati

---

IIT Guwahati, located in Assam, will host the India International Science Festival (IISF) 2024, the country's largest science celebration, from November 30 to December 3, 2024.

Organized under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), IISF 2024 will focus on promoting science-society engagement and interdisciplinary collaboration.

The event, being held for the first time in North East India, aligns with the government’s vision of turning India into a global manufacturing hub through advancements in science and technology.