May - 2024 Current Affairs

Correct Answer :   30%

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Walt Disney Co. has struck a deal to sell its 30% minority stake in Tata Play Ltd. to Tata Group, valuing the company at approximately $1 billion. This move allows Disney to focus on merging its Indian unit with Mukesh Ambani’s Viacom 18 Media Pvt, forming an $8.5 billion entertainment giant.

Tata Group’s Full Control :

Tata Group will gain full control of Tata Play, a subscription television broadcaster, by acquiring Disney’s 29.8% stake. Earlier this year, Tata Group increased its stake to slightly over 70% by buying out Temasek Holding Pte’s shares.

Tata Play’s Background :

Incorporated in 2001 as a joint venture between Tata Group and TFCF Corp. (formerly Twenty-First Century Fox), Tata Play offers pay television services via set-top boxes and over-the-top streaming through its app. It has a nationwide footprint of 23 million connections.

Media Landscape Shakeup :

This deal is part of a larger transformation in India’s media landscape. Disney’s binding agreement to combine its Indian unit with Viacom 18 Media Pvt will create a media powerhouse with 750 million viewers.

IPO Plans :

Tata Play filed confidentially for a domestic initial public offering in 2022, but the listing has yet to occur.

No Comments from Parties Involved :

Representatives from Tata Group, Disney, and Temasek declined to comment on the transaction.

Correct Answer :   42%

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Smartphones have become a major export success story for India, now ranking as the fourth-largest export item with a 42% growth, reaching $15.6 billion in FY24. This marks an improvement by one notch in the ranking from the preceding year. Data collection for smartphones as a separate category began in April 2022, highlighting the sector’s rapid growth.

Key Growth Factors :

The significant rise in smartphone exports is attributed to a 158% increase in shipments to the US, amounting to $5.6 billion. Other major markets include the United Arab Emirates ($2.6 billion), the Netherlands ($1.2 billion), and the UK ($1.1 billion). The total value of mobile devices produced in India for both export and domestic markets in FY24 surged to Rs 4.1 trillion ($49.16 billion), representing a 17% year-on-year increase.

Impact of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme :

The government’s Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme has been instrumental in this growth, positioning India as the second-largest mobile phone manufacturing country after China. The PLI scheme aims to attract companies manufacturing in China to shift to India, leveraging geopolitical tensions between China and the US. Notable beneficiaries include Apple’s vendors—Foxconn, Wistron India (now Tata Electronics), and Pegatron—along with Samsung.

Apple’s Leading Role :

Apple has significantly contributed to the export surge, with outbound shipments of mobile devices expected to exceed Rs 1.2 trillion ($14.39 billion) in FY24, a 33% increase from Rs 90,000 crore in FY23. Preliminary ICEA data indicates that exports in FY24 accounted for nearly 30% of the total output value, up from 25% in FY23.

Future Outlook :

The robust growth in smartphone exports underscores the effectiveness of India’s PLI scheme and highlights the country’s strategic shift in the global electronics manufacturing landscape. This growth trajectory is expected to continue, further solidifying India’s position as a key player in the global smartphone market.

Correct Answer :   Microsoft

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Microsoft has introduced a new category of personal computers, ‘Copilot+ PCs,’ featuring advanced AI capabilities to compete with Alphabet and Apple. These devices, developed in collaboration with Acer and ASUSTeK Computer, aim to perform AI tasks locally without relying on cloud data centers. The launch event took place at Microsoft’s Redmond, Washington campus on May 20, with sales starting on June 18 at a base price of $1,000.

Innovative ‘Recall’ Feature :

CEO Satya Nadella highlighted the ‘Recall’ feature, which tracks all activities on the computer, creating a searchable history for users. This functionality extends to web browsing, voice chats, and more, enhancing user convenience and productivity.

Copilot+ Voice Assistant :

The Copilot+ voice assistant was showcased as a real-time virtual coach for Minecraft players, demonstrating the integration of AI to enhance user experiences in various applications.

Market Impact and Sales Projections :

Yusuf Mehdi, Microsoft’s head of consumer marketing, projected that 50 million AI PCs would be sold over the next year. He emphasized that the faster AI assistants running directly on a PC would provide a compelling reason for users to upgrade their devices.

New Surface Devices and Prism Technology :

Microsoft also unveiled the latest generation of its Surface Pro tablet and Surface Laptop, featuring Qualcomm chips based on Arm Holdings’ architecture. The new Prism technology was introduced, enabling software designed for Intel and AMD chips to run on Arm-based chips.

Competitive Edge Against Apple :

In a demonstration, Microsoft’s new devices outperformed an Apple device running Adobe’s photo editing software, highlighting the superior speed and efficiency of the Copilot+ PCs. This follows Apple’s recent announcement of an AI-focused chip for future laptops.

Industry and Market Context :

The launch of Copilot+ PCs comes as Microsoft’s shares are trading near record highs, driven by optimism about AI’s potential to boost profits. Despite a decline in global PC shipments by about 15% last year, Microsoft anticipates its new Copilot+ PCs will capture approximately one-fifth of the market.

Correct Answer :   China

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China is the most apple producing country in the world.

Apples are one of the most popular and widely consumed fruits globally, cherished for their nutritional value and versatility. Among the many countries involved in apple cultivation, China stands out as the world’s largest producer of apples. This article delves into the details of China’s apple production, examining the factors behind its dominance, the scale of production, and the impact on the global market.

Worldwide Apple Production :

Worldwide apple production surged to an impressive 95.84 million metric tons, marking a notable increase from around 83.1 million tons recorded in 2017. This substantial rise underscores the continuous growth and importance of the apple industry on a global scale. With advancements in technology and agricultural practices, coupled with increasing demand, the global apple production sector continues to thrive, providing consumers worldwide with a diverse range of delicious and nutritious fruits.

Most Apple Producing Country in the World :

China’s apple production is unparalleled, with the country consistently producing more apples than any other nation. As of recent data, China produces over 40 million metric tons of apples annually, accounting for nearly half of the world’s total apple output. This vast production dwarfs other leading apple-producing countries such as the United States, Poland, and India.

Major Apple-Producing Regions :

China’s apple orchards are spread across several key regions, each contributing significantly to the overall production:

* Shandong Province : Known as the “home of apples” in China, Shandong is the largest apple-producing region, renowned for its high-quality Fuji apples.
* Shaanxi Province : This region is noted for its rich soil and favorable climate, producing large quantities of apples with a focus on both quality and quantity.
* Hebei Province : Another major player in the apple industry, Hebei contributes significantly to China’s apple exports.

Varieties of Apples

China cultivates a wide variety of apples, catering to both domestic and international markets. The most prominent varieties include:

* Fuji : Known for its sweetness and crisp texture, the Fuji apple is the most popular variety both in China and abroad.
* Gala : These apples are favored for their thin skin and juicy, mildly sweet flavor.
* Red Delicious : Recognized by their deep red color and slightly tart taste, Red Delicious apples are also a major export product.

Factors Behind China’s Dominance :

Several factors contribute to China’s leading position in apple production:

* Climate and Geography : The diverse climates and fertile soils across China’s apple-growing regions provide ideal conditions for apple cultivation.
* Investment in Agriculture : China has heavily invested in modern agricultural techniques, infrastructure, and research to boost apple production and quality.
* Labor Force : The availability of a large, skilled labor force enables extensive apple farming and efficient harvesting processes.

Impact on the Global Market :

China’s dominance in apple production has significant implications for the global market. The country not only meets its vast domestic demand but also exports apples worldwide, influencing global apple prices and availability. Major export destinations include Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Middle East.

Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite its leading position, China’s apple industry faces several challenges, including:

* Environmental Concerns : Over-reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides poses environmental risks and affects sustainability.
* Market Competition : Increasing competition from other apple-producing nations requires constant innovation and quality improvement.
* Climate Change : Changing weather patterns threaten the stability of apple production in some regions.

The future outlook for China’s apple industry remains positive, with ongoing efforts to adopt sustainable farming practices and expand export markets. Innovations in agricultural technology and improved logistics are expected to further strengthen China’s position as the world’s leading apple producer.

Correct Answer :   Tokyo

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The University of Tokyo has inaugurated the Atacama Observatory (TAO), which has been awarded a Guinness World Record for being the highest observatory in the world. Situated at a staggering 5,640 meters above sea level on the summit of Cerro Chajnantor in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, TAO stands as a testament to human ingenuity and determination.

Unveiling a 6.5-meter Optical-Infrared Telescope :

At the heart of TAO lies a 6.5-meter optical-infrared telescope, designed to unravel the mysteries of the universe. This state-of-the-art instrument will focus on exploring the fundamental nature of the cosmos, contributing to our ever-expanding knowledge of the universe we inhabit.

A Unique Location for Astronomical Observation  :

TAO’s location was carefully chosen for its exceptional atmospheric conditions. With minimal water vapor in the atmosphere, the observatory offers an unparalleled vantage point for observing mid-infrared wavelengths, which are typically absorbed by water vapor at lower altitudes.

Overcoming Challenges in High-Altitude Construction :

The construction of TAO was a monumental undertaking, spanning 26 years of meticulous planning and execution. Takashi Miyata, director of the Atacama Observatory and manager of TAO’s construction, acknowledged the incredible challenges faced not only from a technical perspective but also politically.

Mitigating Altitude Sickness Risks :

To address the risks of altitude sickness for construction workers and astronomers, especially during nighttime operations when symptoms can worsen, a base facility has been constructed in San Pedro de Atacama, approximately 50km from the summit. This facility allows for remote operation of the telescope, ensuring the safety and well-being of those involved in TAO’s operations.

Proximity to ALMA: A Collaborative Astronomical Hub :

TAO is strategically located near the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array) radio telescope, one of the world’s largest astronomical projects involving an international association of countries. This proximity creates a collaborative hub for astronomical research, fostering collaboration and synergy among scientists from around the globe.

With the inauguration of TAO, the University of Tokyo has firmly established its presence at the forefront of astronomical exploration, paving the way for groundbreaking discoveries and advancing our understanding of the vast cosmos.

Correct Answer :   Saharanpur

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Uttar Pradesh, known for its rich and diverse culture, is a state that boasts ancient traditions and a unique heritage. This northern Indian state is recognized for its significant contributions to religion, literature, industry, and culture.

Among its 75 districts, each with its own distinct identity, one district stands out as the “City of Oranges” – Saharanpur. In this article, we will explore why Saharanpur holds this unique title.

An Overview of Uttar Pradesh :

Uttar Pradesh is the state with the highest number of districts in India, totaling 75. These districts are organized into 18 divisions. Additionally, the state has 822 community development blocks, 351 tehsils (sub-districts), and 17 municipal corporations. The state’s geographical extremities are defined by Ballia in the east, Shamli in the west, Saharanpur in the north, and Sonbhadra in the south.

Lakhimpur Kheri is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh, covering an area of 7680 square kilometers. In contrast, Hapur is the smallest district, spanning just 660 square kilometers.

Which District of Uttar Pradesh is Known as “The Orange City”?

Saharanpur, a district in Uttar Pradesh, is known as “The Orange City” due to its significant orange production. With approximately 32,000 hectares dedicated to fruit cultivation, Saharanpur excels in producing oranges, alongside mangoes, guavas, lychees, and peaches. This high yield of oranges, distributed across various states, has earned Saharanpur its distinctive title.

Why is Saharanpur Known as the “Orange City”?

Saharanpur earns its title due to its significant orange production. The district has around 32,000 hectares dedicated to fruit cultivation, which includes mangoes, guavas, lychees, oranges, and peaches. Among these, oranges are the most extensively produced, contributing to Saharanpur’s nickname.

Agricultural Significance of Saharanpur :

* Fruit Cultivation Area : Approximately 32,000 hectares.
* Major Fruits : Mangoes, guavas, lychees, oranges, and peaches.
* Primary Crop : Oranges are the most prominent, with substantial yields transported across various states in India.

Correct Answer :   Ghaziabad

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Uttar Pradesh, with its 75 districts, is one of the most culturally rich and historically significant states in India. Each district has its own unique characteristics, contributing to the diverse tapestry of the state. Among these districts, Ghaziabad holds a special place as the “Gateway to Uttar Pradesh.” This article delves into the reasons behind this title and explores the significance of Ghaziabad in the state’s landscape.

An Overview of Uttar Pradesh :

Uttar Pradesh is renowned for its vibrant culture, diverse languages, and rich culinary traditions. The state is a prominent part of India’s northern region and plays a crucial role in showcasing the country’s historical and cultural heritage.

The Largest and Smallest Districts of Uttar Pradesh :

The state boasts a variety of districts, each with its unique features. Lakhimpur Kheri is the largest district, while Bhadohi is the smallest. Despite their sizes, each district contributes to the state’s distinct identity.

Which District is called as the “The Gateway of Uttar Pradesh”?

Ghaziabad is known as “The Gateway of Uttar Pradesh.” Located in the western part of the state, it serves as a crucial entry point due to its strategic position between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers and its proximity to Delhi. Ghaziabad’s excellent road connectivity with Delhi makes it an essential link for accessing the entire state, earning it this distinctive title.

Why Ghaziabad is Called the Gateway of Uttar Pradesh?

Ghaziabad is situated in the western part of Uttar Pradesh and serves as a crucial entry point into the state. The city’s strategic location between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers and its proximity to Delhi enhance its significance. Ghaziabad shares its northern borders with Meerut and Baghpat, southern borders with Gautam Buddha Nagar and Bulandshahr, eastern borders with Hapur, and western borders with Delhi and Haryana.

The city’s excellent connectivity with Delhi makes it a vital link for road transport, facilitating easy access to the entire state of Uttar Pradesh. This seamless connectivity is the primary reason why Ghaziabad is referred to as the Gateway to Uttar Pradesh.

Ghaziabad as Engineering Hub :

Ghaziabad is globally recognized for its engineering products. The city hosts numerous engineering units that manufacture a wide range of machinery parts and equipment, including those for the automobile sector. The city’s industrial prowess is supported by its three tehsils, four blocks, and 529 villages, making it one of the key industrial cities in Uttar Pradesh.

Correct Answer :   Thiruvananthapuram International Airport

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Thiruvananthapuram International Airport has made history as the first airport in India to achieve the prestigious recognition of zero waste to landfill (ZWL). This commendation comes from the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII-ITC) Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Development, confirming the airport’s commitment to environmentally responsible practices.

Achieving Zero Waste to Landfill :

Through rigorous assessment, it has been verified that Thiruvananthapuram International Airport has implemented exemplary waste management strategies, resulting in an impressive 99.50 percent diversion of waste from landfills. This achievement underscores the airport’s dedication to sustainability and sets a high standard for others to follow.

Best Practices in Waste Management :

The airport’s success in waste diversion is attributed to the implementation of cutting-edge waste management practices. By effectively managing plastic waste and other materials, the airport has achieved a remarkable milestone in environmental stewardship.

Commitment to Sustainability :

Thiruvananthapuram International Airport’s attainment of the ZWL accolade reflects its unwavering commitment to sustainable development. As a leader in the aviation industry, the airport continues to prioritize eco-friendly initiatives, setting a precedent for responsible waste management across the country.

Leading by Example :

As the first airport in India to receive this recognition, Thiruvananthapuram International Airport sets a precedent for other airports and organizations to follow suit. By demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of zero waste practices, the airport paves the way for a greener, more sustainable future.

Correct Answer :   Idaho

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Idaho is known as “The Gem State” due to its abundant deposits of precious and semi-precious stones. The state’s mountains are rich in minerals like gold, silver, and cobalt, as well as gems such as star garnets, jasper, opal, jade, topaz, zircon, and tourmaline. This nickname reflects Idaho’s geological wealth and its status as a significant gem-producing region.

The Origin of the Nickname “The Gem State” :

Idaho’s official nickname, “The Gem State,” stems from the numerous gems found within its borders. The state is known for its rich deposits of various precious and semi-precious stones, making it a significant gem-producing region in the country.

Postal and Traditional Abbreviations :

Two-letter or Postal Abbreviation: ID
Traditional or Standard Abbreviation: Idaho

Mineral Wealth in Idaho :

Idaho’s mountainous terrain is a treasure trove of minerals. It contains veins of gold, silver, lead, zinc, cobalt, copper, and many other rare minerals. Some of these minerals are notable gemstones, including:

* Star Garnets: The state gem of Idaho.
* Jasper
* Opal
* Jade
* Topaz
* Zircon
* Tourmaline

Historical Background of Idaho :

In 1863, the United States Congress designated the Idaho Territory under the mistaken belief that “Idaho” was a Shoshone word meaning “Gem of the Mountains.” Despite this misunderstanding about the origin of the name, Idaho continues to be celebrated as both “The Gem State” and “Gem of the Mountains.”

Correct Answer :   May 24

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The United Nations General Assembly has proclaimed May 24 as the International Day of the Markhor. This resolution, sponsored by Pakistan and eight other countries, aims to raise awareness and promote the conservation of this iconic and ecologically significant species found across the mountainous regions of Central and South Asia.

The markhor (Capra falconeri), also known as the “screw-horned goat,” is the national animal of Pakistan. It is a majestic wild goat known for its striking spiral-shaped horns, which can grow up to 1.6 meters (5.2 feet) in length, making them the largest horns of any living caprid species.

Threatened But Recovering :

Once believed to be on the brink of extinction, the markhor population has gradually increased, doubling in a couple of decades, with a particular jump since 2014. According to Saeed Abbas, an official with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Pakistan, “The population of the Markhor has been increasing with an annual ratio of 2% since 2014.”

The current estimated population of the markhor ranges between 3,500 and 5,000, with the majority found in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan, followed by Gilgit-Baltistan and Balochistan.

Despite this positive trend, the markhor remains categorized as “near threatened” on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is included in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) since 1992.

Ecological and Economic Significance :

The resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly underlines the ecological significance of the markhor and its role in the overall ecosystem. It also recognizes the opportunity to bolster regional economies, foster conservation efforts, and promote sustainable tourism and economic growth through the preservation of the markhor and its natural habitat.

The markhor is not only valuable for its ecological importance but also contributes to the local economy. Conservation efforts aimed at preserving this species and its habitat will benefit the entire ecosystem, providing a significant boost to regional economies and promoting sustainable development.

Celebrating Conservation Efforts :

The International Day of the Markhor is an opportunity to celebrate the conservation efforts undertaken by various stakeholders, including governments, non-governmental organizations, and local communities, to protect this iconic species and its natural habitat.

The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) has been invited to facilitate the observance of this day, encouraging worldwide participation and collaboration in support of markhor conservation efforts.

As we celebrate the first International Day of the Markhor on May 24, 2024, let us renew our commitment to preserving this majestic species and its natural habitat, ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.