Correct Answer : Option (B) - July 28th

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World Hepatitis Day, observed annually on July 28th, serves as a global platform to raise awareness about viral hepatitis, a group of infectious diseases that cause inflammation of the liver and can lead to severe liver disease and cancer. As we approach the 2024 commemoration, the urgency of addressing this global health challenge has never been more pressing.

Theme for 2024: “It’s Time for Action” :

The theme for World Hepatitis Day 2024, “It’s Time for Action,” encapsulates the critical need for immediate and decisive steps to combat hepatitis worldwide. This call to action is underscored by the alarming statistic that a person dies every 30 seconds from a hepatitis-related illness. The global health community is rallying to accelerate efforts in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to save lives and improve health outcomes.

Understanding Hepatitis: A Complex Health Challenge :

What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections but also resulting from other factors such as alcohol consumption, certain medications, and autoimmune diseases. The liver, a vital organ responsible for numerous essential functions, becomes compromised when affected by hepatitis, leading to potentially severe health consequences.

The Five Main Strains : There are five main strains of the hepatitis virus, each with distinct characteristics:

* Hepatitis A
* Hepatitis B
* Hepatitis C
* Hepatitis D
* Hepatitis E

Among these, hepatitis B and C are the most common and have the most significant impact on global health. Together, these two strains result in an astounding 1.3 million deaths and 2.2 million new infections per year.

Correct Answer : Option (C) - Dr. Martin Cooper

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Dr. Martin Cooper, a pioneering engineer from Motorola, is celebrated as the inventor of the first cell phone.

Born on December 26, 1928, in Chicago, Dr. Cooper completed his degree in Electrical Engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1950.

His career includes notable service in the US Navy during the Korean War. His work at Motorola led to the creation of the world’s first cell phone, earning him the title “Father of Cell Phones.”

Invention and History of Cell Phone :

In 1973, Dr. Martin Cooper and his team at Motorola developed the first cell phone, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. This early model was large and heavy, weighing over 5 pounds (2 kg), and offered just 30 minutes of talk time or 24 hours of standby.

The development of lithium-ion batteries in 1990 marked a significant advancement, enabling the production of more compact and affordable devices. Companies like Nokia and Motorola capitalized on this technology, leading to widespread adoption of cell phones.

Difference Between Cell Phones and Smartphones :

While all smartphones are cell phones, not all cell phones are smartphones. A cell phone is a basic device designed primarily for voice communication. In contrast, smartphones, introduced in 1994, offer advanced features such as cameras, GPS, and internet access. Smartphones have largely replaced traditional cell phones due to their multifunctionality.

Correct Answer : Option (C) - ?2,514.36 cr

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To fulfill Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s vision of disaster resilient India, Ministry of Home Affairs under the guidance of Home Minister, Shri Amit Shah has taken several initiatives to ensure effective management of disasters in the country.

A number of steps have been taken to prevent any extensive loss to life and property during disasters by strengthening disaster risk reduction system in India.

Approval of six project proposals :

The High-Level Committee in today’s meeting approved six project proposals in the states of Telangana, Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal and Maharashtra at a total cost of Rs. 2514.36 crore for Urban Flood Management in six metro cities, namely Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune.  Earlier, HLC, on 27th November 2023, had approved the Project proposal for integrated solutions for flood management for the state of Tamil Nadu in Chennai city at a cost of Rs. 561.29 crore.

Expansion and Modernization of Fire Services :

HLC also approved three project proposals under the scheme for “Expansion and Modernization of Fire Services in the states” for the Assam, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu of a total outlay of Rs. 810.64 crore. Central Government has allocated a total amount of Rs. 5000 crore under National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) for this scheme, and had already approved the proposals of 11 states at a total outlay of Rs. 1691.43 crore.