The printf() function is used for output. It prints the given statement to the console.
The general form of printf() function is given below :
printf("format string", list of variables);printf(“%d %d”,a,b);The formatted string represents, what format we want to display on the screen with the list of variables. The format string can be following table :
| Data Type | Conversion | format string |
|---|---|---|
| Integer | short integer | %d or % i |
| short unsigned | % u | |
| long signed | % ld | |
| long unsigned | % lu | |
| unsigned hexadecimal | % x | |
| unsigned octal | %O | |
| Real | float | % f or % g |
| double | %lf | |
| signed character | %c | |
| unsigned char | %c | |
| string | %s |
This function is used to read values using keyboard. It is used for runtime assignment of variables.
The general form of scanf( ) is :
scanf("format string", list_of_addresses_of_Variables ); The format string contains - Conversion specifications that begin with % sign
scanf(“%d %f %c”, &a, &b, &c);“ & ” is called the address operator, in scanf( ) the “ & ” operator indicates the memory location of the variable. So that the value read would be placed at that location.
Program : Let's see a simple example of C language that gets input from the user and prints the square of the given number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int number;
clrscr();
printf(“enter a number:”);
scanf(“%d”,&number);
printf(“square of number is:%d “,number*number);
getch();
}
The scanf("%d", &number) statement reads integer number from the console and stores the given value in number variable.
The printf("square of number is:%d ",number*number) statement prints the square of number on the console.
Program : Let's see a simple example of input and output in C language that prints addition of 2 numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int x=0,y=0,result=0;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter first number : ”);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
printf(“Enter second number : ”);
scanf(“%d”,&y);
result=x+y;
printf(“Sum of 2 numbers : %d “,result);
getch();
}