Raster and vector graphics are two primary types of digital images, each with its own characteristics and applications. Here's how they differ:
Raster Graphics :
* Pixel-based : Raster graphics, also known as bitmap graphics, are composed of a grid of pixels (picture elements), where each pixel contains color information. The image is represented as a matrix of rows and columns of pixels.
* Resolution-dependent : Raster images have a fixed resolution, determined by the number of pixels per inch (PPI) or dots per inch (DPI). Increasing the resolution can improve image quality, but it also increases file size.
* Scalability : Raster images are resolution-dependent, meaning they can lose quality when scaled up (enlarged) because the software must interpolate pixels to fill in the gaps, resulting in a loss of sharpness and detail.
* Examples : Common raster image formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, and TIFF. Raster graphics are suitable for photographs, realistic images, and complex visual effects where fine detail and color variations are important.
Vector Graphics :
* Object-based : Vector graphics are composed of geometric shapes (e.g., points, lines, curves) defined by mathematical equations. Instead of pixels, vector images store information about the position, size, and shape of each object.
* Resolution-independent : Vector graphics are resolution-independent, meaning they can be scaled to any size without loss of quality. This scalability makes them ideal for logos, icons, illustrations, and other graphics that need to be resized frequently.
* File size : Vector graphics typically have smaller file sizes compared to raster images because they store mathematical instructions rather than individual pixel data.
* Editing : Vector graphics are easily editable using graphic design software like Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape. Objects can be resized, reshaped, and recolored without losing quality.
* Examples : Common vector image formats include SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), AI (Adobe Illustrator), EPS (Encapsulated PostScript), and PDF (Portable Document Format). Vector graphics are suitable for designs that require precision, scalability, and the ability to be easily edited.
