IoT has three main parts namely sensors, network connectivity and data storage applications. Sensors either communicate directly with the central server for data storage or communicate via gateway devices. A gateway can handle various wireless interfaces that’s why one gateway can handle multiple technologies and multiple sensors. The typical wireless technologies used widely are Zigbee, Zwave, RFID, NFC etc. gateway interfaces with the cloud using wireless or wired technologies such as Wi-Fi, Mobile or Fiber, DSL.
The IoT hardware system can be constructed using Micro-Controller Units. Choice of Micro-controller depends on the system on chip resources, the power required and interfaces needed as per different sensors and memory requirements.
To finalize the IoT hardware architecture following aspects are required to study :
* Type of sensors/actuators.
* Communication interface type.
* Amount of data to be captured and transmitted.
* A frequency of data transportation.
IoT software architecture is based on open source components like Arduino, Linux (Raspberry Pi)
