In Lisp, error conditions and exceptions are handled using a combination of special operators, control flow constructs, and error signaling functions. Here are the main mechanisms Lisp provides for error handling :

1. Signaling and Handling Errors :
   * Lisp provides the `error` function to signal an error condition and abort the normal execution flow.
   * The `error` function takes a string argument that describes the error and may also accept additional arguments for contextual information.
   * When an error is signaled, Lisp looks for an error handler to handle the error condition.

2. Exception Handling :
   * Lisp also provides the `catch` and `throw` special operators for more structured exception handling.
   * The `catch` operator is used to establish an exception handling context, specifying a tag and a body of code.
   * Within the body, the `throw` operator can be used to raise an exception and transfer control to the nearest enclosing `catch` with a matching tag.
   * The `catch` form returns the value specified in the corresponding `throw` form or a default value if no matching `throw` is encountered. 3. Condition System :
   * Lisp has a condition system that allows for the definition of custom error conditions and handlers.
   * Conditions are objects that represent specific error situations and can be signaled using the `signal` function.
   * Condition handlers can be defined using the `handler-case` macro, which specifies a set of conditions to handle and the corresponding handler code.
   * The condition system allows for fine-grained control over error handling and provides a way to define different levels of error recovery or fallback strategies.

4. Control Flow Constructs :
   * Lisp provides various control flow constructs like `if`, `when`, `unless`, `case`, and `cond` that can be used to handle specific error conditions or exceptions within normal program flow.
   * By using these constructs in combination with error signaling functions, programmers can handle specific cases and take appropriate actions.

5. Dynamic Binding :
   * Lisp's dynamic scoping and special variables provide another mechanism for handling errors or exceptions.
   * By dynamically binding special variables using the `let` or `let*` forms, specific error conditions can be detected and handled within a limited scope.