Prolog provides support for arithmetic operations and constraints through its built-in arithmetic operators and constraint-solving predicates. Here's how Prolog handles arithmetic operations and constraints:

Arithmetic Operations :
1. Arithmetic Operators : Prolog supports standard arithmetic operators for addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and exponentiation (**). These operators work on numeric constants, variables, and expressions.
   * Examples: `2 + 3`, `X * Y`, `4 - Z`

2. Arithmetic Evaluation : Prolog evaluates arithmetic expressions using the `is/2` predicate. It allows you to compute the value of an arithmetic expression and bind it to a variable. The `is/2` predicate is used as follows:
   * Example: `X is 2 + 3 * Y`
Constraints :
1. Constraint-Solving : Prolog offers constraint-solving capabilities to express and solve constraint satisfaction problems. Constraints define relationships among variables, and Prolog's constraint-solving predicates attempt to find solutions that satisfy these constraints.
   * Examples of constraints: `X > 5`, `Y + Z = 10`, `A mod 2 = 0` (even number constraint)

2. Constraint-Solving Predicates : Prolog provides built-in predicates for constraint-solving, such as:
   * `=/2` (unification): Checks if two terms unify.
   * `==/2` (term equality): Checks if two terms are exactly equal.
   * `\=/2` (term inequality): Checks if two terms are not equal.
   * `<>/2` (arithmetic inequality): Checks if two arithmetic expressions are not equal.
   * `</2`, `>/2`, `<=/2`, `>=/2` (arithmetic comparisons): Compare arithmetic expressions.

3. Constraint Logic Programming Libraries : Prolog also supports constraint logic programming (CLP) libraries, such as CLP(FD) for finite domain constraints and CLP(R) for real number constraints. These libraries provide additional constraint-solving capabilities for specific domains.