When monitoring system or application performance, several metrics can provide valuable insights into the health, efficiency, and effectiveness of the system. The choice of metrics may vary depending on the specific requirements and characteristics of the system, but here are some commonly used metrics for system or application performance monitoring :

1. Response Time : Measures the time taken for the system to respond to a request or perform an operation. It indicates the system's speed and responsiveness from the user's perspective.

2. Throughput : Represents the number of transactions or operations the system can handle within a given time frame. It indicates the system's capacity to handle a certain volume of requests or workload.

3. Error Rate : Measures the frequency or percentage of errors encountered during system operations. It helps identify issues, such as software bugs, network problems, or configuration errors, that affect the system's reliability.

4. CPU Utilization : Indicates the percentage of the central processing unit's capacity being utilized by the system. High CPU utilization may indicate resource constraints or bottlenecks that can impact performance. 5. Memory Utilization : Measures the amount of memory used by the system or application. High memory utilization can lead to performance degradation or even crashes.

6. Disk I/O : Tracks the input/output operations performed on disk storage. Monitoring disk I/O helps identify potential disk bottlenecks or storage performance issues.

7. Network Latency : Measures the time taken for data packets to travel between different components or systems over the network. Network latency impacts the responsiveness and speed of communication between system components.

8. Database Performance Metrics : Depending on the presence of a database, specific metrics such as query response time, transaction throughput, and database connection pool utilization can provide insights into the performance of database operations.

9. Error Logs and Exceptions : Monitoring error logs and capturing exceptions helps identify and diagnose specific errors, exceptions, or abnormal behaviors occurring within the system. These logs can provide valuable information for troubleshooting and performance improvement.

10. User or Customer Experience Metrics : User-centric metrics, such as page load time, click-through rates, or conversion rates, provide insights into the user experience and the impact of performance on user behavior and satisfaction.