Correct Answer :   Paradip Port

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Paradip Port Authority, Odisha, surpasses Deendayal Port Authority, Kandla, to become India’s leading cargo-handling major port in the fiscal year 2023-24, handling 145.38 Million Metric Tons (MMT) of cargo, marking a 7.4% growth from the previous year.

Achievements :

Coastal Shipping Hub : Productivity Excellence Cost Efficiency

About Paradip Port :

* Established by the Odisha government in 1962; taken over by the Indian government in 1965.
* Declared a major port by the Indian government on April 18, 1966, becoming the 8th major port of India.
* Operates as an autonomous body under the Major Port Trusts Act 1963, under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways, administered by a Board of Trustees appointed by the Government of India.

Correct Answer :   125th

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Perched atop the picturesque Palani Hills in Tamil Nadu, the iconic Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO) recently commemorated a remarkable milestone – its 125th anniversary of studying the celestial body that sustains life on Earth, the Sun. On April 1, 2024, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology, organized a grand celebration to honor the legacy of this historic observatory and felicitate the scientists who have dedicated their lives to advancing our understanding of our star.

A Legacy Etched in Time :

* Established on April 1, 1899, by the British, the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory has been a cradle of groundbreaking research in solar astrophysics for over a century. Throughout its illustrious history, the observatory has been the birthplace of numerous pathbreaking discoveries that have profoundly impacted our perception of the Sun and its intricate workings.

* One of the most remarkable achievements of KSO is its possession of one of the longest continuous daily records of the Sun in the world. This unique database, comprising more than 1.2 lakh digitized solar images and thousands of new images captured every day since the dawn of the 20th century, has been painstakingly preserved and digitized, making it a treasure trove for astronomers from across the globe.

Tracing the Origins :

The roots of the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory can be traced back to the Madras Observatory, established in 1792, which laid the foundations for India’s foray into the realm of astronomical exploration. Over time, this seed of scientific curiosity blossomed into the IIA, an autonomous institution under the Department of Science and Technology, with KSO operating as one of its esteemed field stations.

Celebrating Achievements and Honoring Pioneers :

* During the 125th anniversary celebrations, IIA paid tribute to the rich history of KSO and the countless scientists who have contributed to its success. Prof. Annapurni Subramaniam, the Director of IIA, highlighted the observatory’s legacy and the continuous innovation required to keep pace with the ever-evolving technological landscape while transferring skills through generations of scientists.

* Prof. Siraj Hasan, a former Director of IIA and a renowned solar physicist, reflected on the groundbreaking discovery of the Evershed Effect, an observed radial flow of gas in sunspots, made at the observatory in 1909. He also shed light on the herculean efforts undertaken to digitize the entire scientific dataset, a invaluable resource for astronomers worldwide.

Raising Awareness and Inspiring Future Generations :

* S. Seetha, a former Director of the Space Science Program Office at ISRO, underlined the importance of incorporating the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory’s significance into school and college textbooks, ensuring that future generations of students are aware of this unique and remarkable institution.

* A.S. Kiran Kumar, the former Chairman of ISRO and the current Chairperson of IIA’s Governing Council, unveiled the KSO 125 logo for the anniversary celebrations, along with a booklet detailing the observatory’s history and research highlights. He emphasized the incredible scientific value of the 125 years of continuous solar observations and challenged the astronomers of today to continue making new discoveries using this dataset with modern tools.

Legacy and the Future of Solar Exploration :

* The event brought into focus the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory’s pivotal role in deciphering the Sun from Indian soil, a legacy that spans more than a century and a half. From chasing solar eclipses and discovering the element helium in 1868 to unraveling the intricate plasma processes that govern the production of prominences and flares, KSO has been at the forefront of solar exploration.

* This rich legacy continues to be carried forward through IIA’s cutting-edge projects, such as the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph onboard the recently launched Aditya-L1 and the proposed National Large Solar Telescope in Ladakh. These initiatives are poised to push the boundaries of our understanding of the Sun and solidify India’s position as a global leader in solar astrophysics.

* As the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory celebrates its 125th anniversary, it stands as a testament to the unwavering pursuit of knowledge, the relentless dedication of generations of scientists, and the enduring human fascination with the celestial wonders that grace our skies.

Correct Answer :   IOCL and Panasonic

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Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) has collaborated with Panasonic Energy to establish a joint venture aimed at producing lithium-ion cells in India. This strategic partnership comes in response to the anticipated surge in demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage solutions within the country.

Key points :

Initial Understanding to Joint Venture : The collaboration follows an initial understanding between IOCL and Panasonic in January regarding lithium-ion cell production.

Objective : The joint venture aims to capitalize on India’s ambitious target of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070 and support the transition to sustainable mobility and energy solutions.

Significance of Lithium-ion Batteries : Lithium-ion batteries serve as critical components in EVs and renewable energy storage systems, making them indispensable for India’s clean energy goals.

Projected EV Sales and Demand : India targets selling over 10 million EVs annually by 2030, as per the Indian government’s Economic Survey, driving a substantial increase in demand for lithium-ion batteries.

Utilizing Expertise and Resources : The partnership leverages IOCL’s extensive refining and distribution capabilities along with Panasonic’s battery technology expertise.

Location and Production Capacity : Details regarding the location and production capacity of the lithium-ion battery plant are yet to be disclosed.

Impact on Carbon Footprint and Clean Energy Adoption : The collaboration is expected to make a significant contribution to India’s efforts in reducing its carbon footprint and promoting the adoption of clean energy technologies.

India’s Lithium Reserves Discovery :

Discovery by Geological Survey of India (GSI) : The GSI recently identified significant lithium reserves of 5.9 million tonnes in the Salal-Haimana region of the Reasi district in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), as well as in Revant Hill of Degana, Nagaur of Rajasthan.

Current Import Dependency : India currently heavily relies on imports for all major components required for lithium-ion cell manufacturing, spending approximately US$ 20.64 million on lithium-based imports in the first eight months of FY 2022-23.

Expected Decrease in Import Dependency : The discovery of lithium reserves in the Reasi district is anticipated to substantially reduce India’s dependence on lithium imports, thereby enhancing the country’s self-sufficiency in this critical area.

Correct Answer :   April 2nd

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World Autism Awareness Day is on April 2nd every year. It aims to raise awareness and support for people with autism. The theme for 2024 is “Empowering Autistic Voices.” A report says around 18 million people in India have autism. Between 1-1.5% of children aged 2-9 years old are diagnosed with autism. Boys are more commonly affected than girls.

World Autism Awareness Day, History :

The United Nations established World Autism Awareness Day in 2007. The goal is to increase public awareness, accept and empower individuals with autism, and recognize their contributions to society.

Key Points :

* Autism affects social interaction, communication, and behaviour
* Causes can include premature birth, pollution, genetics
* Early signs include lack of response, avoiding eye contact, repeated movements
* Therapies and medications can help manage symptoms
* World Autism Awareness Day raises global awareness and support

What is Autism?

* Autism is a disorder that makes it hard for people to interact with others and communicate. People with autism may also have unusual behaviors and have trouble switching between activities. They may focus a lot on details and react strongly to sensations like sounds or textures.

Causes of Autism

Some possible causes of autism include :

* Being born very premature or with low birth weight
* The mother being exposed to air pollution or being obese during pregnancy
* Diabetes or immune system problems in the mother
* Genetics

Risk Factors :

Things that increase the risk of autism include :

* Having a sibling with autism
* Having certain genetic conditions
* Complications during birth
* Being born to older parents

Symptoms of Autism :

Signs of autism in young children :

* Not responding to their name
* Avoiding eye contact
* Repeating movements over and over
* Delayed speech development

Signs in older children :

* Trouble understanding others’ thoughts and feelings
* Unusual speech patterns
* Sticking to strict routines
* Difficulty making friends

Treatment :

Treatment for autism aims to reduce symptoms and improve learning and skills. It may include:

* Different therapies to help with speech and behaviour
* Medications for related medical conditions

Correct Answer :   JS Sidana

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Lieutenant General JS Sidana has assumed the office of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers Corps as the 33rd Director General (DGEME) and Senior Colonel Commandant. He officially took charge on Monday (1st april 2024), April 1, succeeding Lt Gen Tumul Varma.

He has an experience of 38 years wherein he has held significant roles in command, regimental, instructional and staff appointment positions. Following his appointment, he paid homage to the valiant soldiers of the Corps by laying a wreath at the National War Memorial in New Delhi.

The Corps of Electronics & Mechanical Engineers (EME) holds a rich heritage of innovation and technological advancement. It was originally known as the Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (EME) during the Second World War, post-independence the Corps evolved and played pivotal roles in various conflicts including the war of 1962, 1965, and 1971 as well as operations such as Op Pawan, Op Meghdoot, Op Vijay, and most recently Op Parakram.

In order to keep pace with technological advancements, the Corps was renamed the “Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers” on January 1, 2001. Lt Gen JS Sidana’s appointment is to mark the advancing of this legacy of professionalism and technological prowess.

Prior to assuming his current role, Lt Gen JS Sidana served as the Commandant of the Military College of EME for two years. He also held the position of Master General of EME at HQ Central Command and commanded the Army Base Workshop & EME Centre.

Sidana, an alumnus of the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla was commissioned into the Corps of EME from the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun on December 14, 1985. His alma mater includes a Masters in Management Studies from Osmania University, an M. Tech from IIT Kanpur, and a Master of Philosophy from Punjab University.

Soon after taking over the role of DGEME, Sidana motivated all ranks of the Corps to cope up with the power of technology and innovation to deliver effective engineering support to the Indian Army..

Source : Financial Express

Correct Answer :   Ms Sheyphali Sharan

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Ms Sheyphali B. Sharan has today (1st April 2024) assumed charge as the Principal Director General, Press Information Bureau upon superannuation of Shri Manish Desai yesterday (31st Mar 2024). Ms. Sharan is an officer of the 1990 batch of Indian Information Service.

During an illustrious career spanning over three decades, she has held cadre portfolios of largely looking after media publicity work as Press Information Bureau officer for Ministries such as Finance, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. She has also served as the Spokesperson for Election Commission of India.

In addition, she has worked on Central Staffing Scheme Deputations as Director in Ministry of Health (Department of Traditional Systems of Medicine/AYUSH (2002-2007)) and Ministry of Finance (Department of Economic Affairs 2013-2017) besides working on cadre post of OSD (Information Policy at Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 2000-2002) as also as Director Administration and Finance at LSTV, Lok Sabha Secretariat in 2007-2008.

Upon assumption of charge, Ms Sharan was welcomed by senior officials of Press Information Bureau..

Source : PIB

Correct Answer :   Varanasi

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Uttar Pradesh, known for its diverse culture and unique traditions, boasts a rich history intertwined with India’s struggle for independence. The state is home to several prominent rivers and confluences, where various cities feature bustling riverbanks. Let’s delve into the significance of these cities and their riverfronts.

An Overview of Uttar Pradesh State :

Uttar Pradesh, the fourth-largest state in India by area, covers an expansive 240,928 square kilometers, constituting 7.33% of the country’s total landmass. Renowned for its vibrant culture and storied past, the state holds a significant place in India’s historical narrative.

Which City in Uttar Pradesh is called as “City of Ghats”?

The city renowned for its riverfront ghats is none other than Varanasi. Situated on the banks of the Varuna and Asi rivers, Varanasi holds immense historical and religious significance. Often referred to as the “City of Ghats,” Varanasi is globally renowned for its ancient culture and spiritual ambiance.

Why is Varanasi known as “City of Ghats”?

Varanasi, nestled along the banks of the Ganges River, stands as a testament to the timeless allure of India’s ancient traditions. Its labyrinthine alleys and the serene banks of the Ganges provide a glimpse into the country’s rich past, attracting pilgrims and tourists alike.

Prominent Ghats in Varanasi :

Varanasi boasts five principal ghats, each with its own distinct charm and religious significance. From the bustling Assi Ghat to the tranquil Manikarnika Ghat, these ghats encapsulate the essence of Varanasi’s spiritual fervor. Other prominent ghats include Dashashwamedh Ghat and Panchganga Ghat, each offering a unique experience to visitors.

Correct Answer :   Atul Mehra

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Axis Capital has appointed Atul Mehra as the managing director (MD) and chief executive officer (CEO). The appointment is subject to receipt of requisite approvals. Mehra, who was formerly with JM Financial, will oversee both the investment banking and institutional equities businesses of Axis Capital.

His appointment comes after the departure of Axis Capital’s current MD & co-CEO Salil Pitale. In December, JM Financial roped in Chirag Negandhi — who was the co-CEO at Axis Capital — as its MD.

Mehra is a veteran dealmaker with over three decades of experience and was the joint MD at JM Financial. Axis Capital has also appointed Parag Gude as the chief operating officer (COO) of Institutional Equities and Dhaval Desai as Head – Cash Equities..

Source : Business Standard

Correct Answer :   Democratic Republic of Congo

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The Democratic Republic of Congo has appointed Judith Suminwa Tuluka as the country’s first female Prime Minister. This move by President Felix Tshisekedi fulfills a campaign promise and comes at a time of worsening violence in the mineral-rich eastern region bordering Rwanda.

Humanitarian Crisis in the East :

The long-running conflict in the east has displaced more than 7 million people, according to the United Nations, making it one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. The region is overrun by more than 120 armed groups seeking control over the area’s gold and other resources, leading to mass killings.

Regional and UN Peacekeepers :

Withdrawing Both regional and UN peacekeepers have been asked to leave Congo after the government accused them of failing to resolve the conflict. As the withdrawal of personnel begins, and Congolese authorities take over, violence has only continued to worsen.

Rebel Group M23 Gains Territory :

The prominent rebel group M23 has made significant territorial gains in the east, contributing to the spike in violence and surging numbers of displaced people, according to the top UN envoy to Congo, Bintou Keita.

Tensions with Rwanda :

President Tshisekedi has blamed neighboring Rwanda for providing military support to the rebels, a claim Rwanda denies. However, UN experts have stated there is substantial evidence of Rwandan forces in Congo. The United States has urged both countries to avoid war.

New Prime Minister’s Priorities :

The new Prime Minister, Judith Suminwa Tuluka, has promised to work towards peace and development in her first speech. However, forming a new government could take months due to the need for intensive negotiations with various political parties.

Correct Answer :   Joyshree Das Verma

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* Joyshree Das Verma took over as the 41st National president of FICCI Ladies Organisation (FLO), the oldest women-led and women-centric business chamber of South East Asia for 2024-25.

* She has been appointed by Israel as its Honorary Consul for Northeast India.

* Verma is also the Director of HR firm Kaapro Management Solutions Pvt Ltd.

* "I am honoured to lead FICCI FLO as the 41st National President. Under the theme 'Collective Vision, Collaborative Action for the year 2024-25, our endeavour is to build a strong, inclusive community dedicated to sustainable progress, fostering individual growth, and inspiring impactful change," she said..

Source : Business Standard