Daily & Latest Current Affairs in 2025

Correct Answer :   Gopi Thotakura

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Indian expatriate Gopi Thotakura joined the ranks of space explorers as the first Indian to embark on a journey beyond Earth’s atmosphere. The NS-25 mission, part of Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin program, saw Thotakura and five other crew members lift off aboard the New Shepard spacecraft from a private ranch in West Texas.

Among the crew was also Ed Dwight, marking the first time a Black astronaut ventured into space. This mission marked the program’s return to space tourism after a two-year hiatus following a rocket mishap. Thotakura’s inclusion in the crew highlights the growing diversity and global participation in space exploration.

Members of New Shepard (Mission NS-25)

* Gopichand Thotakura : An entrepreneur and pilot of Indian origin, Thotakura secured his place among the six crew members for the NS-25 mission.
* Ed Dwight : A former Air Force aviator, Dwight’s journey to space comes decades after facing rejection from NASA’s astronaut corps. At 90 years old, he sets a record as the oldest person in space.
* Mason Angel : Founder of Industrious Ventures, Angel brings entrepreneurial expertise to the crew.
* Sylvain Chiron : Renowned for spearheading Brasserie Mont Blanc, Chiron represents France in the crew.
* Kenneth L. Hess : A software engineer and entrepreneur, Hess contributes technical expertise to the mission.
* Carol Schaller : A retired Certified Public Accountant, Schaller completes the ensemble of adventurers for NS-25.

Blue Origin’s Space Tourism Endeavors :

Blue Origin’s NS-25 mission marks the seventh human flight of the program, with aspirations to expand beyond suborbital journeys. Jeff Bezos envisions these flights as a stepping stone to larger ambitions, including lunar exploration. To date, 31 individuals have experienced space travel aboard New Shepard, with notable figures like William Shatner and Michael Strahan among them. Blue Origin aims to collaborate with NASA to advance lunar exploration efforts in the future, building on the legacy of Alan Shepard and the New Shepard program.

Correct Answer :   18th May 2024

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The Indian banking industry mourns the loss of a legendary figure, N Vaghul, who passed away on Saturday (18th May 2024) in Chennai at the age of 88. Vaghul, a former chairman of ICICI Bank, left an indelible mark on the financial sector with his visionary leadership and commitment to excellence.

An Accidental Journey into Banking :

Born with aspirations of becoming a civil servant, Vaghul’s path took an unexpected turn when he was forced to wait a few years to take the coveted civil services examination. Seizing the opportunity, he joined the State Bank of India (SBI) in 1954, embarking on a remarkable journey that would shape the banking landscape.

A Trailblazer in Indian Banking :

After nearly two decades at SBI, Vaghul moved to the National Institute of Bank Management before joining the Central Bank of India as an executive director. His leadership capabilities were further recognized when he became the chairman and managing director of Bank of India. However, his most significant contribution came when he joined the erstwhile development bank ICICI Ltd in 1985.

Mentoring the Next Generation of Leaders :

During his tenure at ICICI Bank, Vaghul mentored and guided many senior executives, including K.V. Kamath, who succeeded him as chairman and continued to build upon his legacy. Vaghul’s commitment to nurturing talent and fostering leadership played a pivotal role in shaping the bank’s future success.

Recognizing Excellence: Padma Bhushan Awardee :

In recognition of his exceptional contributions to the banking industry, Vaghul was honored with the prestigious Padma Bhushan, India’s third-highest civilian award, in 2009. This accolade served as a testament to his dedication and the indelible impact he had on the financial sector.

A Life of Philanthropy and Giving :

Beyond his professional accomplishments, Vaghul was a generous philanthropist, dedicated to giving back to society. He is survived by his wife, daughter, and son, who continue to carry forward his legacy of compassion and service.

Remembering a Banking Pioneer :

As the Indian banking community mourns the loss of N Vaghul, his remarkable journey from an accidental banker to a visionary leader and philanthropist serves as an inspiration for generations to come. His unwavering commitment to excellence, mentorship, and giving back will forever be etched in the annals of the country’s financial history.

Correct Answer :   Sanjiv Puri

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Sanjiv Puri, the Chairman and Managing Director of ITC Ltd., has been elected as the President of the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) for the term 2024-25. Puri succeeds R Dinesh, Chairman of TVS Supply Chain Solutions, in this prestigious role. Alongside Puri, Rajiv Memani assumes the position of President-Designate, while R Mukundan takes on the role of Vice President for the same term.

Sanjiv Puri: Leading the CII :

Sanjiv Puri, an alumnus of IIT Kanpur and Wharton School of Business, brings a wealth of experience to his new role, having been actively involved in various initiatives to foster growth and sustainability in India’s corporate landscape. Notably, Puri’s leadership extends beyond ITC Ltd., as he has chaired expert groups and received accolades such as the ‘Best CEO Award’ from Business Today and the ‘Transformational Leader Award’ from the Asian Centre for Corporate Governance and Sustainability.

Rajiv Memani: President-Designate :

Rajiv Memani, currently serving as the Chairman and CEO of EY India, assumes the role of President-Designate of the CII for 2024-25. With his background in consulting and extensive experience in global markets, Memani is poised to bring strategic insights and leadership to the CII, furthering its objectives in promoting business-friendly policies and fostering economic growth.

R Mukundan: Vice President :

R Mukundan, the Managing Director and CEO of Tata Chemicals Limited, takes on the role of Vice President of the CII for the term 2024-25. With a strong educational background and expertise in the chemical industry, Mukundan is well-positioned to contribute to the CII’s agenda, advocating for the interests of businesses across sectors.

About the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) :

Established in 1895, the Confederation of Indian Industry is one of India’s oldest business lobby groups, representing the interests of various industries and advocating for favorable policies conducive to economic growth. Headquartered in New Delhi, the CII plays a pivotal role in engaging with the government and stakeholders to shape India’s business landscape.

Correct Answer :   Iran

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Once seen as a likely successor to Iran’s Supreme Leader, President Ebrahim Raisi has died in office, leaving the Islamic Republic’s hardline establishment facing an uncertain future.

An ultraconservative president, 63-year-old Raisi was killed Sunday (19th May 2024), along with Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian and other high-ranking officials, in a helicopter crash in Iran’s remote northwest. Their death comes at a delicate time for a country that faces unprecedented challenges at home and from abroad.

The Islamic Republic’s economy remains crippled by American sanctions, its young population is becoming growingly restive, and the country faces increasingly belligerent adversaries in the Middle East and beyond.

Raisi’s death will “trigger elections at a time when the IRI (Islamic Republic of Iran) is at the nadir of its legitimacy and zenith of its exclusionary policies,” Ali Vaez, Iran Project Director at the International Crisis Group think tank

If confirmed, Raisi's death would trigger elections at a time when the IRI is at the nadir of its legitimacy and zenith of its exclusionary policies. That means in less than 2 months, a successor may emerge who is as conservative and loyal to the system as Raisi was. 1/ pic.twitter.com/bShtZ3lucS

— Ali Vaez (@AliVaez) May 19, 2024

Source : Edition

Correct Answer :   May 20

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World Bee Day, observed on May 20, marks the birth anniversary of Anton Janša, a pioneer in beekeeping. Established by the United Nations in 2017, this day highlights the critical role of bees in ensuring food security, biodiversity, and sustainable agriculture. The 2024 theme, “Bee engaged with Youth,” emphasizes the importance of involving young people in bee conservation efforts to protect these vital pollinators.

World Bee Day 2024 – Date :

World Bee Day 2024 is observed on May 20, 2024. This annual event aims to raise awareness about the essential role of bees and other pollinators in maintaining the health of our planet, ensuring food security, and promoting biodiversity and sustainable agriculture.

Theme of World Bee Day 2024 :

The theme for World Bee Day 2024 is “Bee engaged with Youth.” This theme, decided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), emphasizes the importance of engaging the younger generation in beekeeping and raising awareness about the crucial role bees play in our ecosystem. It aims to educate and involve youth in activities that promote bee conservation and sustainability.

World Bee Day – History :

World Bee Day was established after Slovenia’s successful proposal to the United Nations in December 2017. The date, May 20, marks the birth anniversary of Anton Janša, a pioneer of modern beekeeping, who was born in 1734. With the support of the Slovenian Government and NGO Apimondia, the UN General Assembly adopted this day to honor the significance of bees and other pollinators. The inaugural World Bee Day was celebrated on May 20, 2018.

Significance of World Bee Day 2024 :

Bees play a pivotal role in the environment by pollinating plants, which supports agriculture, promotes biodiversity, and ensures the survival of many plant species. Beekeeping is also a vital occupation that provides livelihoods for millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, bee populations are declining at an alarming rate due to factors such as habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change. World Bee Day highlights the need to protect these essential creatures and promotes sustainable practices to safeguard their future.

How is World Bee Day Celebrated?

World Bee Day is celebrated in various ways to raise awareness and support for bees and beekeeping:

Correct Answer :   Japan

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In a world where speed and connectivity reign supreme, the race towards the next generation of wireless technology has reached a new milestone. A Japanese consortium has unveiled the prototype of what is touted to be the world’s first high-speed 6G device, promising data transfer rates at lightning speed. This groundbreaking innovation opens the door to a realm of possibilities previously unimaginable.

Breaking Speed Barriers :

The purported 6G device boasts an astounding data transmission rate of 100 gigabits per second (Gbps), dwarfing the capabilities of current 5G technology by a staggering factor of 20. Utilizing the 100 gigahertz (GHz) frequency indoors and the 300 GHz band outdoors, this prototype showcases the potential for unprecedented connectivity speeds.

Challenges of Higher Frequencies :

While the allure of higher frequencies lies in their potential for faster data transfer, they also present significant challenges. The shorter wavelengths limit the distance the signal can travel and diminish its penetration strength. As such, achieving widespread coverage and reliable connectivity with 6G technology will require innovative solutions to overcome these obstacles.

Real-World Implications :

The transition from 4G to 5G primarily focused on enhancing data capacity for activities such as video streaming and mobile browsing. However, the advent of 6G heralds a new era of possibilities. With its unparalleled speed, 6G has the potential to revolutionize communication and entertainment. Real-time holographic communication and immersive virtual and mixed-reality experiences are just a glimpse of what 6G could enable.

Beyond Personal Convenience :

The impact of 6G extends far beyond our personal connections. It has the potential to revolutionize various industries. Here’s a glimpse into what the future holds :

* Healthcare : Imagine real-time data transmission from medical devices, enabling remote surgeries or instant access to critical patient information.
* Transportation : 6G could pave the way for autonomous vehicles that communicate seamlessly, leading to safer and more efficient transportation systems.
* Artificial Intelligence : With its unparalleled speed and capacity, 6G could fuel the development of even more sophisticated AI applications that can analyze data faster and make more informed decisions.

The Path Forward :

While the unveiling of the 6G prototype marks a significant milestone, widespread adoption is still a distant reality. The development of 6G networks will necessitate the creation of a new generation of devices equipped with built-in 6G antennas. Additionally, addressing challenges such as signal interference from walls and environmental factors like rain will be crucial for ensuring reliable connectivity.

Correct Answer :   Nandini Dairy

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In a proud moment for Kannadigas and dairy farmers in Karnataka, the Scotland cricket team has unveiled its new ICC T20 World Cup jersey adorned with the Karnataka Milk Federation’s (KMF) Nandini logo. This collaboration signifies a significant milestone, bridging the worlds of cricket and dairy in a unique partnership.

The Nandini Logo :

The Nandini logo, a household name in Karnataka, takes pride of place on the leading arm of the Scotland cricket team’s jersey, with representations in both English and Kannada. This integration not only showcases Karnataka’s rich dairy heritage but also celebrates linguistic diversity on the global stage.

T20 World Cup Sponsorship :

Nandini’s sponsorship of the Scotland and Ireland teams in the forthcoming T20 World Cup reflects a substantial investment in cricketing endeavors. With a sponsorship amounting to approximately Rs 2.5 crore per team, KMF demonstrates its commitment to supporting sports and promoting its brand on an international platform.

Global Expansion :

In tandem with the T20 World Cup sponsorship, KMF is set to launch Nandini Splash, a whey-based energy drink, in the US market during the tournament. This strategic move underscores Nandini’s ambition to expand its reach beyond borders and establish itself as a global brand synonymous with excellence and purity.

Political Endorsement :

Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah commended the initiative, emphasizing its role in showcasing the state’s high-quality dairy products and the dedication of its farmers to a global audience. He expressed confidence in Nandini’s ability to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide during the World Cup.

Cricket Scotland’s Perspective :

Claire Drummond, Commercial Manager of Cricket Scotland, expressed delight at the partnership with Nandini, citing it as a testament to the global appeal of Scottish cricket. As the Scotland team gears up to compete against cricketing giants at the World Cup, the collaboration with Nandini adds a layer of prestige and significance to their campaign.

Nandini’s Vision :

M K Jagadish, Managing Director of KMF, articulated the brand’s vision of leveraging the World Cup platform to introduce Nandini to a global audience of cricket enthusiasts. This partnership marks a pivotal moment in Nandini’s journey towards international recognition and underscores its commitment to providing nutritious and quality dairy products worldwide.

Upcoming Matches :

Scotland’s T20 World Cup journey kicks off with a Group B encounter against England on June 4 in Barbados, followed by a match against Namibia. With the Nandini logo emblazoned on their jerseys, the Scotland team is poised to showcase their skills and proudly represent their nation on the world stage.

Correct Answer :   $25 Million

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Fusion Micro Finance has obtained a $25 million loan from the United States International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) to fuel its expansion plans, primarily focusing on empowering rural women entrepreneurs. The initial disbursement of $20 million, part of an eight-year loan, aims to enhance business operations and advance financial inclusion efforts.

Expansion Strategy and Loan Utilization :

Fusion Micro Finance intends to utilize the loan to expand its business operations and drive loan growth, particularly targeting rural women entrepreneurs. The borrowing aligns with the company’s strategy to diversify its liability mix and tap into various funding sources, ultimately strengthening its asset-liability profile.

Partnership Impact and Future Growth :

This collaboration bolsters Fusion Micro Finance’s financial standing, enhancing its credibility in the global development financial landscape. Leveraging the loan facility, the microfinance institution aims to broaden its outreach, drive positive social change, and foster economic development in underserved communities.

Correct Answer :   Venezuela

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Venezuela has recently witnessed a poignant environmental milestone, marking a grim reality of the climate crisis. The nation has likely become the first in modern history to lose all its glaciers, with the reclassification of the Humboldt glacier as an ice field, its final icy vestige, earlier this month. This event serves as a stark reminder that climate change is not a distant threat but an urgent crisis demanding immediate action.

Disappearing Glaciers of Venezuela :

Once home to six glaciers nestled in the Andes mountains at approximately 5,000 meters above sea level, Venezuela saw the disappearance of five by 2011. Scientists initially estimated that the Humboldt glacier would endure for another decade, but its rapid melting has defied expectations. Now reduced to less than 2 hectares, the Humboldt’s downgrade from a glacier to an ice field underscores the alarming pace of glacial retreat.

What are Glaciers?

Glaciers, massive accumulations of ice formed over centuries from compacted snow, typically develop in regions where mean annual temperatures hover near freezing. Their sheer mass and gravitational pull cause them to flow like slow rivers. While definitions of glacier size vary, a common guideline suggests a minimum size of around 10 hectares.

The Role of Global Warming :

The primary driver behind glacier loss is indisputably global warming, fueled by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Human activities, notably the burning of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution, have significantly elevated GHG levels. These gases trap heat, leading to rising global temperatures and accelerated glacier melting.

Impact of Glacial Loss :

The disappearance of glaciers carries profound ecological and societal implications. Glaciers serve as vital freshwater reservoirs, particularly during dry periods, sustaining local communities, flora, and fauna. Their meltwater also regulates downstream temperatures, crucial for aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, melting glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, albeit to varying degrees depending on their size.

Beyond Environmental Impact :

For nations like Venezuela, glacier loss represents not only an environmental crisis but also a cultural tragedy. Glaciers hold deep cultural significance, shaping regional identities and supporting activities like mountaineering and tourism. The loss of these icy landmarks reverberates beyond environmental concerns, profoundly affecting communities’ way of life.

The Urgency of Climate Action :

Venezuela’s loss of its last glacier serves as a poignant reminder of the urgent need for decisive climate action. As nations grapple with the consequences of unchecked climate change, concerted efforts to curb GHG emissions, invest in renewable energy, and adapt to shifting environmental realities become imperative. The fate of glaciers worldwide hangs in the balance, underscoring the pressing need for collective action to preserve our planet’s fragile ecosystems.

Correct Answer :   China

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In the latest move against perceived infringements on its territorial claims, China has sanctioned Boeing and two other US defense companies for their involvement in arms sales to Taiwan. The announcement came on the day of Taiwan’s presidential inauguration, highlighting tensions in the region.

Taiwan’s Security Agenda :

Lai Ching-te, Taiwan’s newly inaugurated president, has emphasized the need to bolster the island’s security through the acquisition of advanced fighter jets and other technology, as well as by enhancing its domestic defense industry.

Targets of Sanctions :

China’s Ministry of Commerce placed Boeing’s Defence, Space & Security unit, General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, and General Dynamics Land Systems on an “unreliable entities” list. This move prohibits further investment in China by these companies and imposes travel bans on their senior management.

Previous Actions and Current Impact :

In April 2024, China had frozen assets of General Atomics Aeronautical Systems and General Dynamics Land Systems held within its borders. While the impact of these sanctions on businesses like Boeing remains uncertain, it could affect their operations in China, particularly in the aerospace sector, where foreign technology is still crucial despite China’s efforts to develop its own capabilities.

Military Dynamics :

Taiwan has been experiencing increased military pressure from China’s People’s Liberation Army, evident in frequent fighter jet flights and warship passages near the island. This escalation underscores the sensitivity of arms sales to Taiwan and the potential repercussions they carry in the broader geopolitical context.

Complex Business Landscape :

Despite US restrictions on the sale of weapons-related technology to China, some military contractors, including Boeing, have civilian businesses in aerospace and other sectors. The interplay between these different facets of their operations adds complexity to the potential fallout from China’s sanctions.