Daily & Latest Current Affairs in 2025

Correct Answer :   154th

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Gandhi Jayanti, celebrated on October 2nd every year, is a day of profound significance in India and around the world.

It marks the 154th birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi on 2nd October 2023, fondly known as Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu or the Father of the Nation.

This day is a tribute to the life and principles of a man who dedicated his existence to India’s struggle for independence and left an indelible mark on the world with his unwavering commitment to truth and non-violence.


Theme of Gandhi Jayanti 2023 : “Ek Tareekh Ek Ghanta Ek Saath” is the theme for 2 October Gandhi Jayanti, A national call to action for 1 Hour of citizen-led shramdaan for swachhata on 1st Oct, 2023 at 10 am.

A Historical Overview of Mahatma Gandhi : Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. His early life was marked by a modest upbringing and a strong sense of ethics instilled by his parents.


Pillars of Mahatma Gandhi’s Philosophy: Satyagraha and Ahimsa

Gandhi initiated two pivotal movements- Satyagraha (truth force) and Ahimsa (non-violence), which became the cornerstone of his philosophy and tools for resistance.

Role of Mahatma Gandhi in India’s Freedom Struggle :

Under British colonial rule, Gandhi’s non-violent approach and his ability to win people over with love and tolerance had a profound impact on India’s civil rights movements.


Assassination and Legacy :

Tragically, on January 30, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, but his legacy continued to shine as a guiding light for those who believed in the power of non-violence.


Significance of Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti 2023 :

Mahatma Gandhi’s life and work left an indelible mark on India’s history. His dedication to the principles of truth, non-violence and social justice inspired millions of people not only in India but around the world. Gandhi Jayanti provides an opportunity for people to pay their respects to this great leader, who made immense sacrifices for the betterment of his country.


Commemorative Activities on Gandhi Jayanti 2023 :

On Gandhi Jayanti a wide array of activities takes place across the nation to honor Mahatma Gandhi’s memory. These includes:

* Prayer Meetings : People gather in various places, including Gandhi Ashrams, to participate in prayer meetings. These meetings reflect the spiritual and philosophical aspects of Gandhi’s life.

* Devotional Songs : One of Mahatma Gandhi’s favorite bhajans, “Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram,” is sung with great devotion during these gatherings. The song carriers a message of unity and harmony.

* Award Presentations : To acknowledge individuals and organizations that have made significant contributions to society in line with Gandhi’s principles, awards are presented on this day.

* Rallies : Peaceful rallies and processions are organized to promote the ideals of non-violence and social justice that Gandhi stood for.

Gandhi Jayanti 2023 Celebrations Across India :

Gandhi Jayanti is a national holiday observed in all Indian states and union territories. The day sees beautiful celebrations at schools and colleges, where students participate in various competitions to commemorate Gandhi’s legacy. Prizes are awarded to the best performers, fostering a sense of responsibility and leadership among the youth.


Symbols :

Several places hold significance in the commemoration of Gandhi Jayanti:

* The Martyr’s Column : This is the site where Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948.
* The Raj Ghat : This is the location where Mahatma Gandhi’s body was cremated on January 31, 1948.
* The Triveni Sangam : This is where the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati converge. It symbolizes the unity and diversity that Gandhi sough to promote throughout his life.

Correct Answer :   119th

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2nd October 2023 marks the 119th birth anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri, India's second Prime Minister.

October 2 is special for many reasons. The country celebrates Gandhi Jayanti on this day with a lot of pomp and grandeur. The father of the nation – Mahatma Gandhi is remembered on this day for his contributions, teachings and the journey of life which was full of teachings for others. He devoted his life to serving the nation and for the freedom movement of the country. For another reason, October 2 is special. It is also the birth anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri. The leader served as the second Prime Minister of the country post the independence in 1947. On this day, we remember Lal Bahadur Shastri's life and his legacy.

Date : Lal Bahadur Shastri Jayanti is celebrated on October 2 every year. Lal Bahadur Shastri was born in 1904 on this date in Uttar Pradesh. Every year, we celebrate this day to remember and commemorate his birth anniversary.

History : Born to Sharda Prasad Srivastava and Ramdulari Devi in Mugharsarai, Uttar Pradesh, Lal Bahadur Shrivastava earned the title of Shastri for his academic excellence. His commitment to education later went on to make him a great leader with vision. His dedication for the Indian National Congress soon made him the second Prime Minister of the country in 1964. He served the nation until his untimely death in 1966.

Significance : Lal Bahadur Shastri's vision in improving the education system and empowerment of women is remembered and respected on this day. He brought a lot of necessary changes to society and helped in developing the nation for the better. On this day, Lal Bahadur Shastri is remembered and his contributions for the nation are celebrated..

Source : Hindustan Times

Correct Answer :   Dharmendra Pradhan

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Union Minister for Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship Shri Dharmendra Pradhan launched the Bharatiya Bhasha Utsav and inaugurated the two-day Technology & Bharatiya Bhasha Summit on 30th September 2023 at New Delhi.

The summit aims to facilitate a seamless transition from the current education ecosystem to one rooted in Bharatiya languages, in line with the NEP-2020 vision and to set the course for a technologically enriched future for Bharatiya languages in education.

An exhibition was also set up to showcase Bharatiya Bhasha technology products, and their applications by the industries, government organizations and start-ups. An inspiring moment was the presentation of a significant book by various officials to dignitaries, symbolizing the rich literary heritage of Bharatiya languages.

The summit, organized as part of the Bharatiya Bhasha Utsav, encompasses three pivotal thematic sessions :

(i) Technology FOR Bharatiya Languages;
(ii) Technology IN Bharatiya Languages;
(iii) Technology THROUGH Bharatiya Languages.

Today, two technical sessions will be held under the theme of Technology FOR Bharatiya Languages. In these sessions, speakers and experts discussed ways and means to leverage technology for Bharatiya languages. The role of technology in the teaching-learning process of Bharatiya languages, the use of Machine Learning, Language modelling for speech recognition, Unicode standardization for Bharatiya language scripts, and other important aspects were also discussed in detail during these sessions. Both sessions were followed up with intense discussions among the audience and the speakers.

These themes will emphasize the integration of technology in promoting Bharatiya Bhasha, including its role in teaching, training, examination, and translating educational materials. The summit aims to facilitate a seamless transition from the current education ecosystem to one rooted in Bharatiya Languages, in line with the vision of NEP-2020.

During the summit, key discussions will be held on agendas like "Leverage Technology for Bharatiya Languages", "Operating Systems and Software Localization", "Search Engine Localization" and more. A comprehensive roadmap for realizing the vision of education in Bharatiya Languages will be charted, with active participation from stakeholders across various sectors, including academia, students, research scholars, edutech and infotech industry professionals, technical experts, media representatives, and freelancers..

Source : PIB

Correct Answer :   Lt Gen Raghu Srinivasan

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Lieutenant General Raghu Srinivasan assumed the role of the 28th Director General (DG) of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) on Saturday (30th Sep 2023). This transition follows the superannuation of Lt Gen Rajeev Chaudhry.


Lt Gen Srinivasan’s Distinguished Military Career and Expertise in Border Regions :

* Srinivasan is an alumnus of the National Defence Academy in Khadakwasla and the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun, where he was commissioned into the Corps of Engineers in 1987.
* His illustrious service record includes participation in key military operations such as Operation Vijay, Operation Rakshak, and Operation Parakram.
* One of Lt Gen Srinivasan’s most significant areas of expertise lies in serving along India’s border regions, particularly in Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir. His extensive experience in these challenging terrains has equipped him with a unique perspective on the infrastructural needs of these regions.

Command and Staff Appointments :

* Throughout his career, he completed the Defence Services Staff College, Higher Command, and National Defence College courses.
* Notable among his assignments are commanding the 58 Engineer Regiment and the 416 Engineer Brigade.
* Additionally, he has held important positions such as Deputy Director General of Discipline and Vigilance at the Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence (Army), Commandant of the Bengal Engineer Group & Centre Roorkee, Chief Engineer of the Southern Command, and Assistant Director General at the Engineer-in-Chief Branch at the Integrated Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence (Army).


The Border Roads Organisation’s Legacy :

* The Border Roads Organisation was established on May 7, 1960, with the primary objective of securing India’s borders through the development of infrastructure in the remote regions of the north and northeast.
* Since its inception, the BRO has made remarkable contributions to this mission, having constructed and dedicated to the nation more than 63,000 kilometers of roads, 976 bridges, six tunnels, and 21 airfields.
* In the past year alone, the BRO completed a record-breaking 193 projects across eight border states and three Union Territories, with a total cost of ₹5,400 crore..

Source : NDTV

Correct Answer :   Saugata Gupta

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The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) on Friday (29th Sep 2023) announced the appointment of Saugata Gupta, managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Marico Limited, as the new chairman of the ASCI board of governors.

On his appointment as ASCI's new chairman, Gupta said, "Leading ASCI at this juncture is a privilege. We are in the midst of an extraordinary opportunity to reimagine what responsible advertising means and how consumers need protection in the digital age. ASCI is at the very forefront of this effort as it collaboratively shapes the industry".

Gupta added that ASCI will aim to instil the principles of self-regulation into the very heart of the creative process, and the organisation is all set to raise the standards of responsible advertising.

Gupta has served two years on the board of governors and four years as a special invitee on the board of governors.

Partha Sinha, president of response, Bennett Coleman & Company Limited, was elected vice chairman, and Sudhanshu Vats, deputy managing director, Pidilite Industries Ltd, was appointed honorary treasurer..

Source : Business Standard

Correct Answer :   Dr Dinesh Dasa

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Dr Dinesh Dasa takes oath of Office and Secrecy as Member, UPSC on 29th Sep 2023. The Oath was administered by Chairman, UPSC Dr Manoj Soni.

Dr Dasa a Ph.D in Forest Laws and Sustainable Development, Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar and M.Sc. Forestry (Agroforestry and Ecology), Gujarat Agriculture University, Navsari has a wide experience as Chairman, Gujarat Public Service Commission, Feb 2016- Jan 2022. During his tenure, the commission processed 827 advertisements to recruit 26,116 officers in which total 62 lacs candidates registered.

Dr Dasa was Chairman, Standing Committee of All India Public Service Commissions from Dec, 2020 - Jan, 2022. The standing committee is a 9 members committee constituted by Hon'ble Chairman UPSC in the National Conference every year and it represents all 29 State PSCs to coordinate with UPSC on various issues.

Dr Dasa was also Chairman, Drafting Committee to prepare model syllabus and exam pattern for Civil Service Exams across the states. Worth to note that draft submitted by Dinesh Dasa committee has been principally accepted by all the 29 Public Service Commissions at 20th National Conference of the Chairpersons of all the State PSC held at Goa on 12th and 13th January 2018..

Source : PIB

Correct Answer :   K.N. Shanth Kumar

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Indian journalism, K.N. Shanth Kumar, a seasoned media professional, has been elected as the Chairman of the Press Trust of India’s Board of Directors for a one-year term.

This announcement came following the Annual General Meeting of PTI’s Board of Directors, held at the news agency’s headquarters in New Delhi on a Friday (29th Sep 2023).


Change in Leadership :

Mr. Shanth Kumar’s election marks a transition in PTI’s leadership, as he takes over from Aveek Sarkar, who had served as Chairman for two consecutive terms. This shift in leadership is expected to bring fresh perspectives and ideas to the helm of India’s largest and oldest private news agency.

Key Appointments :

In addition to Mr. Shanth Kumar’s election as Chairman, Praveen Someshwar, the Chief Executive Officer of Hindustan Times, has been elected as the Vice-Chairman of PTI’s Board of Directors. These appointments are set to shape the strategic direction of PTI in the coming year.


A Distinguished Career :

K.N. Shanth Kumar, aged 62, brings with him a wealth of experience in the field of media management. He has been associated with The Printers (Mysore) Pvt. Ltd. since 1983, serving in various roles over the years. His contributions to the media landscape extend beyond his current role at PTI; he has previously served as Chairman of the Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC) and been a dedicated member of the Executive Committee of the Indian Newspaper Society (INS) for more than two decades.

This marks Mr. Shanth Kumar’s second term as Chairman of the PTI Board, with his previous stint occurring from 2013 to 2014.

About Press Trust of India (PTI) :

Press Trust of India, founded just two weeks after India gained independence in 1947, holds the distinction of being the country’s largest and oldest private news agency. It was established by a consortium of newspapers, which continue to be its owners. Notably, the shareholders do not receive any portion of the company’s profits; instead, these funds are reinvested to support the ongoing development and modernization of the news agency.

K.N. Shanth Kumar’s election as Chairman signals a new era for PTI, with the promise of continued commitment to providing reliable and timely news to the nation.

As India’s media landscape evolves, these leadership changes are poised to influence the trajectory of PTI and shape its role in the ever-changing world of journalism.

Correct Answer :   29 September

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World Heart day is celebrated every year on 29 September and it motives to bring issues to light about the heart wellbeing and how individuals can go to preventive measures to avoid any cardiovascular infections.

The day is celebrated by different hospitals, government bodies and health associations coordinating that arrange exercises and awareness occasions universally to bring issues to light about the heart diseases.

Since cardiovascular illnesses, including heart illness and stroke, are the main sources of death globally, this is a suggestion to everybody all over the planet to deal with their hearts and the current year's campaign centers around the fundamental step of knowing our hearts first.

World Heart day 2023 Theme :  The World Heart Day 2023 theme is "Use Heart, Know Heart."

Use heart : It implies utilizing the heart emoticon for promoting the theme and its importance. The World Heart Federation makes reference to that emoticons are one of the most well known types of communication today that can assist with holding individuals' attention and rise above language barriers.

Know heart : With 'know heart,' the theme needs to empower people to take command over their prosperity as information about heart health is restricted. Thus, when you know your heart more, you can care more for it..

Source : Business Standard

Correct Answer :   Kaimur

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In a significant development for wildlife conservation in Bihar, the state is preparing to establish its second tiger reserve within the Kaimur district.

With the growing tiger population and concerted efforts by the State Forest Department, this new reserve is expected to bolster tiger conservation efforts and enrich the state’s biodiversity. In this article, we explore the key details surrounding this exciting development.

The upcoming tiger reserve in Kaimur district will complement the existing Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) located in the West Champaran district of Bihar. This expansion reflects the state’s commitment to safeguarding its rich wildlife heritage. The establishment of a second tiger reserve signifies a proactive approach to protect and conserve the majestic big cats and their habitat.

Rising Tiger Population :

State’s Increasing Tiger Count : As per recent reports, Bihar currently boasts a total tiger population of 54. This figure represents a remarkable growth in the tiger population within the state. The efforts of the State Forest Department have been instrumental in this positive trend. The dedication to tiger conservation has contributed significantly to this rise, and it bodes well for the future of these magnificent creatures in Bihar.


Approval Process :

Seeking NTCA’s Nod : The State Forest Department officials are diligently working towards securing the approval of the National Tiger Reserve Conservation Authority (NTCA) to formally designate Kaimur district as a tiger reserve. This crucial step will provide the legal framework and necessary support for effective tiger conservation in the region. Once approved, Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary will officially be recognized as a tiger reserve.


Geographical Significance :

The Landscape of Kaimur : Kaimur district’s geography plays a vital role in the decision to establish a tiger reserve. The district is divided into two distinct regions: the hilly area, known as the Kaimur plateau, and the plain area on the western side, flanked by the rivers Karmnasa and Durgavati. These diverse landscapes offer a wide range of habitats for wildlife, making it an ideal location for tiger conservation.

Abundant Forest Cover :

Kaimur district boasts a substantial forest cover, including the expansive Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, which spans an area of 986 sq km. In total, the forests of Kaimur cover an impressive 1,134 sq km. These lush green expanses provide a sanctuary for various species, including tigers, leopards, and chinkaras, contributing significantly to the region’s biodiversity.


Strategic Location :

Kaimur district’s strategic location is noteworthy. It shares its boundaries with neighboring states such as Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. This geographical proximity emphasizes the importance of establishing a tiger reserve here, as it can potentially serve as a critical corridor for wildlife movement across states.

Correct Answer :   New Delhi

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The fourth edition of Indo-Latin America Cultural Festival organised by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) began in New Delhi 28th Sep 2023.

Total 34 artists of three countries - Colombia, Ecuador and Chile are participating in the two-day festival. On the first day of the festival, artists from Chile mesmerized the audience with their music and dance.

ICCR President Dr. Vinay Sahasrabuddhe said the vibrant celebration of culture and art aims to showcase the rich cultural heritage of Latin America. He said the festival is bringing together key stakeholders from India and Latin America to deliberate on the prospects of cultural and educational collaborations.  

The Indo-Latin America Cultural Festival serves as a testament to the enduring cultural bonds between India and Latin America, fostering mutual understanding and appreciation of the rich traditions and artistic expressions from both regions..

Source : AIR