Correct Answer :   25 November

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International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women 2023: The day is observed on 25 November, annually.

* Violence against women is a serious problem across the globe. Be it domestic violence, sexual violence or murder, women have to battle a lot of problems. They live in constant fear of abuse everywhere in the world.

* International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women helps us to talk more about the abuse and torture faced by women. As the world is moving on, we should create a safe space for all genders. Women should feel safe.

* It is high time that we come together and eliminate all kinds of violence against women. We celebrate International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women every year to create awareness about this global problem.

* It is important to talk more about the ways to stop this violence and make sure that women feel free to talk about their problems.


International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women History :

* We should all try to take part in the programs and activities that talk about women's safety. It is crucial to encourage women around us to talk about the injustice they have to face in all fields, be it at home or work.

* In 1979, the UN General Assembly accepted the Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, however, the problem of violence against women still existed.

* In 2008, various steps were taken to increase public awareness and policymaking to stop the violence across the globe. Since 1981, women's rights activists have been celebrating International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women on 25 November.


International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women 2023 Theme : The theme for this year focuses on the need for funding prevention strategies to stop violence against women.


International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women 2023 Significance :

* International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women is celebrated to create awareness of the different types of violence faced by women at different stages in life.

* We must explore ways to end this violence and make sure that women can live freely. On this day, one should provide support and confidence to all those women who have survived violence. They must focus on living a normal life..


Source : The Quint

Correct Answer :   $170

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The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a substantial $170 million loan to catalyze the modernization of water supply services in Kochi, a rapidly growing city in the southern Indian state of Kerala. This transformative initiative aims to enhance urban living standards, ensure clean water access, and fortify climate resilience.


Background :

Kochi, often referred to as the commercial capital of Kerala, has experienced rapid urbanization, emerging as one of India’s fastest-growing urban centers. Despite nearly universal water coverage, the city faces challenges such as intermittent supply, ranging from 5 to 24 hours a day. The situation is exacerbated by the common sight of tanker trucks delivering water to areas with low water pressure and inadequate supply. Climate-related issues, including severe dry spells and droughts in 2016, have further strained water availability.


Climate Resilience and Adaptation :

With climate projections indicating increased variability in rainfall frequency and rising temperatures, the project emphasizes the importance of reliable and safe water services as a critical climate adaptation strategy. The goal is to address the impact of climate change on water availability and ensure sustainable urban development.


Project Overview :

Infrastructure Upgrade :

* Rehabilitation and upgrade of five existing water treatment plants with a total production capacity of 325 million liters per day (MLD).
* Construction of a new plant with a capacity of 190 MLD.

Distribution System Enhancement :

* Replacement of approximately 700 kilometers of pipes to minimize treated water loss.
* Introduction of a real-time monitoring system for efficient distribution.

Metering System Improvement :

* Upgrade of around 146,000 water meters to high-quality and reliable models.

Preventive Maintenance and Asset Management :

* Implementation of long-term performance-based contracts for operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation activities.

Institutional Strengthening :

The project aims to enhance the capacity of the Kerala Water Authority (KWA) through:

* Introduction of a mobile app for billing and collection.
* Development of a geographic information system-based maintenance management system.
* Upgrading of the laboratory information system.
* Comprehensive training for technical and managerial staff.


Inclusive Initiatives :

Female Employment Focus :

* Special emphasis on training initiatives to promote female employment in the construction, operation, and maintenance of water supply systems.


Community Engagement :

* Community awareness programs with active participation from women (50%).
* Topics include household supply, water audits, water quality, hygiene, menstrual hygiene, and waterborne diseases.


ADB’s Commitment : Established in 1966 and owned by 68 members, ADB consistently champions sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region. The endorsement of the Kochi water modernization project aligns with ADB’s broader goals of eradicating extreme poverty and fostering prosperity, inclusivity, resilience, and sustainability.

Correct Answer :   Afghanistan

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The Afghanistan embassy has announced its permanent closure in New Delhi.

Releasing an official statement on the closure of its diplomatic mission in New Delhi, the Afghan embassy said, "Effective from November 23, 2023 owing to persistent challenges from the Indian government.

This decision comes after the embassy had already ceased operations on September 30, hoping for a favorable change in the Indian government’s stance.


Background and Rationale :

* The embassy clarified that the closure should not be seen as an internal conflict or a result of diplomats switching allegiance to the Taliban.

* Instead, it attributes the decision to broader changes in policy and interests, emphasizing the challenges faced in maintaining normal diplomatic operations.


Appreciation to Afghan Citizens in India :

* Expressing gratitude to the Afghan citizens in India, the embassy acknowledged their understanding and support throughout its tenure.

* Despite limitations in resources and power, the embassy claimed to have worked tirelessly for the betterment of Afghan citizens in the absence of a legitimate government in Kabul.

Decline of Afghan Community in India :

* The embassy highlighted a significant decline in the Afghan community in India over the past two years and three months.

* Afghan refugees, students, and traders have been leaving the country, with the number nearly halving since August 2021.The issuance of new visas during this period has been very limited.


Commitment to Transparency and Accountability :

* Assuring the Afghan community that the mission operated with transparency and accountability, the embassy emphasized its commitment to fair treatment based on historic ties and bilateral relations with India.

* It addressed efforts to tarnish its image and hinder diplomatic efforts, particularly regarding the presence and work of Taliban-appointed diplomats.


Diplomatic Handover to Indian Government and Future Considerations :

* The embassy has handed over the mission solely to the Indian government, leaving it to decide the fate of the mission, including the possibility of handing it over to Taliban diplomats.

* It’s worth noting that the embassy had initially announced the closure of its operations on November 1, citing “lack of resources” and the “failure to meet Afghanistan’s interests” by the Taliban regime..


Source : NDTV

Correct Answer :   Bandhan Bank

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The board of directors at Bandhan Bank has given the green light for the reappointment of Chandra Shekhar Ghosh as the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer (MD&CEO). The Kolkata-based private sector lender has extended Ghosh’s tenure for a period of three years. The current term is set to expire on July 09, 2024.


Regulatory Approval Required :

The reappointment is contingent upon the approval of both the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and the shareholders of the bank. As per regulatory provisions, the application for the reappointment of the MD & CEO must be submitted to the RBI at least six months before the conclusion of the current term. Ghosh is set to assume his renewed role from July 10, 2024, and will not be liable to retire by rotation.

Chandra Shekhar Ghosh: A Leader with Three Decades of Experience

Extensive Expertise : Chandra Shekhar Ghosh brings to the table over three decades of experience in microfinance, banking, and development. His leadership has played a crucial role in steering Bandhan Bank through various challenges and contributing to its growth.


Financial Performance Highlights :

Robust Financials in Q2 FY 2023 : Bandhan Bank reported a noteworthy net profit of Rs 721.20 crore in the July–September quarter of the current financial year, marking a substantial YoY growth of 244 percent from Rs 209.3 crore in the corresponding period last year.

Gross Non-Performing Asset (GNPA) Overview : Despite the positive net profit, the bank witnessed a 14.8 percent YoY increase in its gross non-performing assets (GNPA) in the reporting quarter. The GNPA stood at Rs 7,874 crore, up from Rs 6,854 crore in the same period a year ago. The net NPA ratio for the bank in July-September was 40 percent YoY.

Net Interest Income (NII) and Total Income : The Net Interest Income (NII) for the quarter reached Rs 2,443.40 crore, contributing to the bank’s total income of Rs 5,032 crore. This reflects a positive growth trajectory compared to Rs 4,250 crore during the corresponding period last year.

Correct Answer :   $677

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According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United States emerges as the foremost aid provider in 2022. The data from ForeignAssistance.gov, an official US government platform, reveals key insights into the patterns and destinations of US aid between 2001 and 2023.


Decades of Generosity: US Aid Disbursement Trends

* A comprehensive analysis indicates that the US has disbursed a staggering $677 billion in aid to 213 countries from 2001 to 2023.

* This financial assistance spans various nations, addressing diverse needs and challenges.


Decades of Consistent Support :

* Despite the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas, the US has been a consistent source of financial support for Israel.

* In 2022, Israel topped the list of recipients of US military financing with a substantial sum of $3.3 billion.

* This support is part of a larger trend where Israel has historically been a major beneficiary of US aid.

Comparative Analysis of Aid Recipients

* A closer look at the data reveals that in 2022, other countries such as Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Colombia received considerable military aid as well, albeit on a smaller scale.

* The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) places the US at the forefront of aid-providing countries, emphasizing the global impact of its assistance programs.


Afghanistan’s Aid Odyssey: A Dominant Recipient :

* The aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and subsequent events in Afghanistan resulted in the country receiving substantial aid, overshadowing assistance to all other nations.

* A total of $111 billion was directed to Afghanistan between 2001 and 2023.


Changing Dynamics: Military Aid Shifts and Trends :

* The composition of aid has undergone shifts over the years. While military aid to Israel constitutes approximately 94% of the $65 billion provided, military aid to Egypt has seen a decline.

* Meanwhile, Lebanon’s military aid has steadily increased from $74 million in 2011 to $210 million in 2022.

Correct Answer :   Bengaluru

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Kambala, the popular buffalo racing contest native to the coastal Karnataka region, is all set to captivate the urban landscape of Bengaluru this weekend.

The traditional folk sport, usually held in the aftermath of the southwest monsoon, will unfold its excitement at the iconic Palace Grounds on November 25 and 26, 2023.

Organized by Tulukoota Bengaluru, this marks the first time Kambala has found a venue in the heart of Bengaluru.


Coastal Karnataka’s Finest Teams Converge :

* Buffalo racing teams from the coastal Karnataka region are gearing up to participate in this urban edition of Kambala.
* The event promises to bring the vibrant spirit of this traditional sport to the bustling cityscape of Bengaluru, offering a unique blend of tradition and modernity.


Trial Runs Set the Stage :

* In anticipation of the Kambala races, trial runs were conducted in the slushy water tracks laid at Palace Grounds in Bengaluru.
* The excitement is palpable as the city gets ready to witness the thrilling spectacle of buffalo racing right in its midst.

Unveiling the Etymology of Kambala: From Muddy Fields to Racing Poles :

* The term “Kambala” finds its roots in ‘kampa-kala,’ with ‘kampa’ linked to a slushy, muddy field.
* The Dravidian origin of “Kampa” is the combination of ‘kan’ and ‘pa,’ and ‘kala‘ denotes the field where the event takes place.
* Another contemporary interpretation of Kambala suggests a connection to ‘Kamba,’ a pole utilized for water spurt during the buffalo pairs’ race.


Kambala: Racing Through Tradition and Modern Rewards :

* Kambala is a sport where buffaloes are driven through a slushy paddy field by a whip-wielding farmer.
* In its traditional form, Kambala was non-competitive, with pairs running one by one. However, modern Kambala involves contests between two pairs of buffaloes.
* In certain villages like Vandaro and Choradi, there’s a ritualistic element, where farmers race their buffaloes to express gratitude for protecting them from diseases.


Evolution of Rewards in Kambala: From Coconuts to Gold Coins :

* In the historical context, the victorious buffalo pair was rewarded with coconuts and bananas.
* Presently, winning owners receive valuable rewards such as gold and silver coins, with some committees even presenting an eight-gram gold coin to the champion. Additionally, cash prizes are awarded in certain competitions.


Kambala’s Debut in Bengaluru: A Fusion of Tradition and Modernity :

* With the fusion of tradition and modernity, Kambala’s debut in Bengaluru promises an exhilarating experience for both enthusiasts and curious onlookers.
* As the city gears up for this cultural extravaganza, the buffalo races are poised to leave an indelible mark on the vibrant tapestry of Bengaluru’s events calendar..


Source : Indian Express

Correct Answer :   November 24

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In the annals of Indian history, the sacrifice and valor of individuals who stood against oppression and defended their religious beliefs resonate as timeless tales of inspiration.

* Among these luminaries is Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh, the 9th Guru of the Sikhs, whose martyrdom day is commemorated on November 24.

* Born on 21st April 1621, in Amritsar to Mata Nanaki and Guru Hargobind, Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life is a testament to courage, conviction and the unwavering commitment to protect the Sikh faith.


Early Years of Guru Tegh Bahadur

In his early years, Guru Tegh Bahadur, then known as Tyagamal, displayed remarkable courage. At the age of 13, he accompanied his father Guru Hargobind Sahib to Kiratpur, where they faced a Mughal army in Palahi village near Phagwara. In this skirmish, the young Teg demonstrated extraordinary bravery, earning him the name Teg Bahadur, which means ‘brave sword.’ This incident marked the beginning of a journey that would lead him to the throne as the 9th Guru of the Sikhs.


Ascension to Guruhood :

After the death of the eighth Guru, Harkrishna Sahib Ji, in March 1665, Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib ascended to the throne of the Guru in Amritsar. Prior to this, he married Bibi Gujri in Kartarpur near Jalandhar and settled in Bakala near Amritsar. Guru Tegh Bahadur spent years in intense meditation and penance in Baba Bakala Nagar, shaping his spiritual leadership.

The Chadar of Hind :

One of the defining moments in Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life came when he faced the oppressive policies of the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb. Refusing to succumb to forced conversion, Guru Tegh Bahadur stood as a symbol of resistance against religious tyranny. His unwavering commitment to Sikh principles led to a confrontation with Aurangzeb, who, in 1675, ordered to beheading of Guru Tegh Bahadur in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.


The Ultimate Sacrifice :

Guru Tegh Bahadur’s refusal to convert to Islam resulted in his beheading on November 24, 1675. Despite the brutality of Aurangzeb’s regime, Guru Tegh Bahadur remained steadfast in his faith, choosing martyrdom over compromising the principles of Sikhism. The location of his execution is now marked by Gurudwara Sheesh Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk, a poignant reminder of his sacrifice.


Legacy and Commemoration :

The legacy of Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh extends beyond his martyrdom. His selfless sacrifice became a cornerstone of Sikh identity and resilience. Gurudwara Sheesh Ganj Sahib stands as a testimony to his courage, while the city of Anandpur Sahib witnessed the last rites of his beheaded head, performed by his son, Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. November 24 is annually observed as a day of remembrance and reflection on the invaluable contribution of Guru Tegh Bahadur Singh to the Sikh faith and the broader tapestry of Indian history.


Motivational Quotes by 9th Guru – Guru Tegh Bahadur :

* If you do not sing the praises of the Lord, your life is rendered useless. Says Nanak, mediate, vibrate upon the Lord; immerse your mind in Him, like the fish in the water.
* Give up your head, but forsake not those whom you have undertaken to protect. Sacrifice your life, but relinquish not your faith.
* The true realization of the actual nature of his material world, its perishable, transitory and illusory aspects best dawns on a person in suffering.
* He has given you your body and wealth, but you are not in love with him. Says Nanak, you are insane! Why do you now shake and tremble so helplessly?
* By singing his praises thy impurity will removed and the poison of egoism spread all over will be destroyed.

Correct Answer :   Telangana

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Telangana has unveiled the world’s first 3D-printed temple, a groundbreaking structure situated in Burugupally, Siddipet district. This innovative construction, achieved through a three-month 3D printing process, marks a significant technological milestone.


Temple Design and Construction :

The temple spans 4,000 square feet and stands at a height of 35.5 feet. It comprises three distinct parts, each dedicated to a different deity:

The sanctums were meticulously crafted using an in-house system, along with materials and software developed locally.


Traditional and Futuristic Elements :

* While the sanctums showcase the ingenuity of 3D printing technology, the remaining elements of the temple, such as pillars, slabs, and flooring, were constructed using traditional building techniques. This harmonious blend of traditional and futuristic approaches reflects the temple’s unique identity.

Significance and Milestones :

* The pioneering temple not only meets the structural prerequisites and design principles inherent in temple architecture but also addresses the intricacies of 3D printing requirements. It successfully navigates the challenges associated with in-situ construction, marking a significant milestone in the convergence of ancient traditions and futuristic technology.

* The successful construction of this 3D-printed temple opens up new possibilities for the future of architecture and construction. It demonstrates the potential of 3D printing to create complex and intricate structures while also preserving traditional craftsmanship and artistic expression.


Additional Details :

The temple is a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of its designers and builders. It represents a significant step forward in the evolution of architecture and construction, and it is sure to inspire new generations of architects and engineers..


Source : Times of India

Correct Answer :   Chandra

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The Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) in Kozhikode has achieved a significant milestone in the field of agriculture with the successful development of a groundbreaking black pepper variety named ‘IISR Chandra.’

This achievement is the culmination of an innovative research and development process that deviates from conventional methods, providing the agricultural sector with a potential game-changer.


Unveiling IISR Chandra :

The research team at IISR took a unique approach in developing ‘IISR Chandra’ by crossing two distinct pepper varieties – Cholamundi and Thommankodi. The resulting hybrid was then back-crossed with Thommankodi to ensure the retention of all desired parental traits. This novel approach has given rise to a high-yielding black pepper variety that possesses unparalleled potential in both quality and yield.


Key Traits of IISR Chandra :

‘IISR Chandra’ boasts distinctive traits that set it apart from existing varieties. With its long spike, compact setting and bold berries, this variety has the potential to yield an impressive 7.5 kg of pepper per vine. Additionally, its optimal spike intensity surpasses that of any currently cultivated black pepper varieties, making it an attractive choice for farmers.

Game-Changer for the Black Pepper Economy :

Dinesh, the Director of IISR, expressed confidence that ‘IISR Chandra’ would be a game-changer for the black pepper economy in India. Not only does it offer superior quality and yield, but it also has the capability to outperform and potentially replace some of the reigning black pepper varieties currently in cultivation.


Whole Genome Sequencing :

As part of the comprehensive research and development process, the Institute completed the whole genome sequencing of ‘IISR Chandra.’ This detailed genetic mapping provides valuable insights into the variety’s characteristics and enhances our understanding of its potential for further improvements and applications.


Commercialization and Licensing :

In a move to share the benefits of this groundbreaking variety, IISR officials announced plans to extend licenses for commercial production to interested individuals, farmers and nurseries. Eight such license agreements for commercial production are set to be executed on November 22 at the institute, marking a pivotal moment in the practical application of this innovative agricultural development.

Correct Answer :   Patna High Court

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Justice Bibek Chaudhary has taken oath as judge of Patna High Court.

Bihar Governor Rajendra Arlekar administered the oath of office in the presence of High Court judges at Raj Bhavan.

Before assuming his current assignment, Justice Chaudhary was serving as a judge in the Calcutta High Court.